Table 1.
CONSIDERATIONS | GLP1 RECEPTOR AGONISTS | DPP4 INHIBITORS | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
EXENATIDE20,22,24–31 | LIRAGLUTIDE18,23,32–34 | VILDAGLIPTIN35,36 | SITAGLIPTIN35,37 | |
Administration | SC injection | Oral tablet | ||
Half-life, h | 2.4 | 11–15 | 2.5 | 12–14 |
Dose | 5 or 10 μg, twice daily | 0.6, 1.2, or 1.8 mg, once daily | 50 mg, twice daily | 100 mg, once daily |
Origin of active incretins following treatment | Exogenous and endogenous | Endogenous | ||
Effect on insulin level | Large increase | Moderate increase | ||
Effect on glucagon level | Moderate decrease | |||
Mean decrease in HbA1c vs placebo, % | Approximately 0.8 | 0.8–1.6 | Approximately 0.7 | 0.6–1.0 |
Postprandial hyperglycemia | Moderate decrease | Small decrease | ||
Gastric emptying | Inhibited | No clinically significant effect | ||
Body weight | Moderate decrease | Neutral | ||
Tolerability issues* | Nausea | Upper respiratory tract infection | ||
Incidence of hypoglycemia | Low rate of hypoglycemia when administered as monotherapy in patients with T2DM; risk might increase when used in combination with sulfonylureas |
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DPP4—dipeptidyl peptidase 4, GLP1—glucagonlike peptide 1, HbA1c—glycated hemoglobin A1c, SC—subcutaneous, T2DM—type 2 diabetes.
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↵* For more complete listings of adverse events, consult the respective product monographs.