Stimulants, energy boosters, or thermogenic agents | Ephedrine or pseudoephedrine (from ephedra [ma huang] or country mallow [Sida cordifolia]) |
| Caffeine, theophylline, or theobromine (from cola nut, guarana, or maté) |
| Bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) |
| Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus) |
| 7-keto-dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) |
Fat and carbohydrate metabolism modulators | Chromium picolinate |
| Conjugated linoleic acid |
| Carnitine |
| Green tea |
| Gymnema sylvestre |
| β-hydroxymethylbutyrate |
| Pyruvate |
| Hydroxycitric acid (Garcinia cambogia) |
| Brindleberry |
Appetite suppressants | Capsaicin |
Agents that decrease stress- or depression-related eating | Ginkgo biloba |
| St John’s wort |
| Yohimbe |
Satiety promoters | Soluble fibres (eg, glucomannan, psyllium, methylcellulose, pectin) |
Fat absorption blockers | Chitosan |
Carbohydrate absorption blockers | Inosine |
| Kidney bean extract (Phaseoli fructus) |
| Mung bean extract |
| Wheat extract |
Laxatives | Buckthorn bark and berry |
| Cascara sagrada bark |
| Flaxseed |
| Manna |
| Psyllium seed husk |
| Rhubarb root |
| Senna leaf and pod |