Results of multiple logistic regression models: Even after adjustment for many potential confounding variables, a single-item measure of depressive symptoms predicted mortality over 5 years; when self-rated health was added into the model, the single-item measure did not predict mortality.
| CONFOUNDING VARIABLE | MODEL 1 ADJUSTED OR (95% CI) | MODEL 2 ADJUSTED OR (95% CI) | MODEL 3 ADJUSTED OR (95% CI) | MODEL 4 ADJUSTED OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Having self-reported depression (vs not reporting depression) | 1.78 (1.37–2.28) | 1.55 (1.19–2.01) | 1.35 (1.03–1.76) | 1.27 (0.96–1.67) |
| Older age (vs younger age) | 1.10 (1.08–1.12) | 1.09 (1.07–1.11) | 1.08 (1.05–1.09) | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) |
| Female sex (vs male) | 2.03 (1.60–2.60) | 1.92 (1.50–2.45) | 2.34 (1.80–3.03) | 2.34 (1.80–3.03) |
| Fewer years of education (vs more years of education) | 1.01 (0.98–1.05) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | |
| 3MSE score indicating cognitive impairment (vs no impairment) | 0.97 (0.96–0.98) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | 0.98 (0.97–0.99) | |
| Having IADL impairment (vs no impairment) | 2.11 (1.58–2.81) | 1.96 (1.46–2.63) | ||
| Having ADL impairment (vs no impairment) | 1.43 (1.05–1.95) | 1.36 (1.00–1.87) | ||
| Poor self-rated health (vs good health) | 1.40 (1.04–1.88) |
ADL—activities of daily living, CI—confidence interval, IADL—instrumental activities of daily living, 3MSE—Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, OR—odds ratio.