STUDY | LOCATION | SETTING | STUDY PURPOSE | METHOD AND SAMPLE |
---|---|---|---|---|
Quality indicator studies | ||||
Ballard,13 2003 | US | PC | Describe elements of change involved in implementing QI | Qualitative case study; 1 health care system |
Exworthy et al,14 2003 | UK | PC | Examine effect of PI on GPs’ clinical autonomy | Interviews; 52 GPs, nurses, and managers |
Gorrell et al,15 2004 | Australia | MH | Measure change in service after introducing specialized teams | Audit; 47 in control group, 70 in treatment group |
McColl et al,6 2000 | UK | PC | Test feasibility of deriving QI in all practices in a PCG | Retrospective audit; 18 practices in 1 PCG |
Wilkinson et al,16 2000 | UK | PC | Study PC clinicians’ reactions to the use of PIs | Interviews; 29 GPs, 11 practice managers, 12 nurses |
Clinical practice guideline studies | ||||
Brown et al,17 2000 | US | PC, MH | Evaluate effectiveness of 2 CPG implementation methods | RCT, quasi-experimental; physicians, nurses, assistants |
Cabana et al,18 2000 | US | PC | Describe barriers to successful use of asthma CPGs | Focus groups; 22 participants |
Cabana et al,19 2001 | US | PC | Identify barriers to GP adherence to asthma CPGs | Cross-sectional survey; 829 random GPs |
Cranney et al,20 2001 | UK | PC | Identify what impedes use of hypertension CPGs | Interviews; 34 random GPs |
Eccles et al,21 2002 | UK | PC | Evaluate computerized support system for implementing CPGs | RCT; 60 GPs |
Goldberg et al,22 1998 | US | PC | Determine effectiveness of interventions on compliance with CPGs | RCT; 15 small group practices in 4 PC clinics |
Gupta et al,23 1997 | Australia | PC | Determine GPs’ views on and recall of CPGs | Questionnaire; 286 random GPs |
Gupta et al,24 1997 | Australia | PC | Examine GPs’ views on CPGs | Survey; 286 GPs |
Hermens et al,25 2001 | Netherlands | PC | Assess the key elements of a successful implementation | Prospective cohort study; 1586 random GPs |
Kaner et al,26 1999 | UK | PC | Evaluate training and support in implementation of intervention | RCT; 128 GPs |
Karuza et al,27 1995 | US | PC | Develop and evaluate dissemination intervention | RCT; 13 group practices and 5 PC GPs |
Lin et al,28 1997 | US | PC, MH | Examine whether education has an effect on treatment | Quantitative, quasi-experimental |
Nutting et al,29 2002 | US | PC, MH | Examine why GPs and nurses were not using depression CPGs | Cluster analysis, interviews; 6 nurses, 12 GPs |
Picken et al,30 1998 | US | PC | Assess level of modification of CPGs by PC physicians | Quantitative modified Delphi approach; 68 random GPs |
Puech et al,31 1998 | Australia | PC | Examine care patterns and strategies for local implementation of CPGs | Questionnaire; 83 random GPs |
Rashidian and Russell,32 2003 | UK | PC | Develop model for implementing CPGs | Interviews; 25 GPs and PC academics |
Rollman et al,33 1999 | US | PC, MH | Describe steps of disseminating CPGs by EMRs | Qualitative, descriptive; PC physicians |
Silagy et al,34 2002 | Australia | PC | Determine effects of local adaptation of CPGs | Survey; 400 random GPs from 2 practice divisions |
Smith et al,35 2004 | UK | PC, MH | Examine GPs’ views on using CPGs | Interviews; 11 GPs |
Thompson et al,36 2000 | UK | PC, MH | Assess effectiveness of educational program | RCT; 60 PC physicians |
Health care innovation studies | ||||
Aupont,37 2001 | US | PC, MH | Analyze how quality improvement affects provider behaviour | Quantitative, qualitative survey; 26 providers, 30 000 patients |
Benjamin and Seaman,38 1998 | Bahrain | PC | Discuss lessons learned from implementing an innovation | Qualitative case study; 1 health centre |
Bentz et al,39 2002 | US | PC | Pilot-test 2 tobacco tracking systems | Qualitative case study; 2 PC offices |
Brown et al,40 2003 | US | PC | Describe the redesign process using a quality model | Qualitative case study; 1 service area |
Byrne et al,41 2004 | US | PC, MH | Determine effects of clinical service lines on inpatient and urgent care use | Survey; 140 directors of health facilities |
Campbell et al,42 2002 | UK | PC | Investigate the concept of clinical governance | Qualitative case study; 12 PC groups or trusts |
Cohen et al,43 2004 | US | PC | Develop a model of practice change | Qualitative comparative case study; 15 practices |
Cox et al,44 1999 | UK | PC | Improve the repeat-prescribing process | Qualitative case study; 1 practice of 7 GPs |
Earnest et al,45 1998 | US | PC | Describe various strategies of quality and performance improvement | Qualitative case study; 1 urban health care system |
Feifer et al,46 2003 | US | PC | Discuss the self-managing team concept and illustrate its application | Qualitative case study; 1 practice centre |
Fischer et al,47 1998 | US | PC | Analyze case studies from a quality improvement project | Qualitative case study; 6 random clinics |
Frijling et al,48 2003 | Netherlands | PC | Test transferability of observations from research to real-life situations | Controlled before-and-after trial; 617 general practices |
Gillespie et al,49 2004 | UK | PC | Explore how the term patient-centred care is understood | Interviews; 47 individuals |
Hermann et al,50 2001 | US | PC, MH | Describe an implementation process and its outcomes | Qualitative descriptive study; 11 health centres, 1599 patients |
Hogg et al,51 2002 | Canada | PC | Understand the role of a facilitator in preventive performance | Qualitative case study; 7 practices |
Holden,52 2002 | UK | PC | Evaluate a PC audit group | Qualitative case study; 1 audit group |
Jackson and Bircher,53 2002 | UK | PC | Examine how a new model transformed a general practice | Qualitative case study; 1 medical centre |
John et al,54 2001 | UK | PC | Describe a benchmarking project | Qualitative prospective longitudinal cohort study; 8 service trust sites |
Knox et al,55 2001 | US | PC | Identify strategies for improving staff performance | Qualitative, quantitative in-depth cross-case analysis; 8 practices |
Korsen et al,56 2003 | US | PC, MH | Implement a multifaceted intervention | Qualitative case study; 2 practices |
Ledlow and Bradshaw,57 1999 | US | PC | Improve practice using an animated simulation tool | Qualitative case study; 1 family practice |
Lövgren et al,58 2001 | Sweden | PC | Explore physicians’ and nurses’ views on adopting a new care policy | Qualitative interview; 50 physicians and nurses |
Magnan et al,59 1997 | US | PC | Examine turmoil during a quality improvement project | Survey; 44 clinics |
Marshall et al,60 2002 | UK | PC | Investigate importance of culture in implementing clinical governance | Qualitative case study; 12 PC groups or trusts, 50 senior PC managers |
Nemeth,61 2003 | US | PC | Analyze a quality improvement intervention | Qualitative fieldwork; 6 cases |
Rubenstein et al,62 2002 | US | PC | Assess how quality improvement teams affect a program | Interviews, observation; 2 large PC practices, 5 QI teams |
Solberg et al,63 1999 | US | PC, MH | Assess need for and acceptability of depression care system | Focus groups and survey |
Tobin and Norris,64 1998 | Australia | PC, MH | Report on a project to implement total quality management strategies | Interviews; 100 MH staff and GPs |
Townes et al,65 2000 | US | PC | Develop and implement a change | Qualitative case study; 1 health centre |
Willcocks,66 2003 | UK | PC | Explore early experiences of a new PC organization | Qualitative longitudinal case study; 1 PC group |
Zapka et al,67 2004 | US | PC | Present a process evaluation | Qualitative case study, randomized trial; 6 community health centres |
Zomalt,68 1997 | US | PC, MH | Study staff perspective of doing continuous quality improvement | Qualitative case study; day rehabilitation program staff |
CPG—clinical practice guideline, EMR—electronic medical record, GP—general practitioner, MH—mental health, PC—primary care, PCG—primary care group, PI—performance indicator, QI—quality indicator, RCT—randomized controlled trial.