Modifying factors in concussion management from the Third International Conference on Concussion in Sport, held in Zurich, November 2008
| FACTORS | MODIFIERS |
|---|---|
| Symptoms | Number Duration (> 10 d) Severity |
| Signs | Prolonged LOC (> 1 min) |
| Sequelae | Postconcussive convulsions |
| Temporal | Frequency (ie, repeated concussions over time) Timing (ie, injuries close together in time) Recency (ie, recent concussion or traumatic brain injury) |
| Threshold | Repeated concussions occurring with progressively less impact force or slower recovery after each successive concussion |
| Age | Child and adolescent (< 18 y) |
| Comorbidities and premorbidities | Migraine Depression or other mental health disorders ADHD Learning disabilities Sleep disorders |
| Medication | Psychoactive drugs Anticoagulants |
| Behaviour | Dangerous style of play |
| Sport | High-risk activity Contact-and-collision sport High sporting level |
ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, LOC—loss of consciousness.
Adapted from McCrory et al.10