Maternal characteristics: Characteristics that were statistically different between exposed and nonexposed women are boldface.
| CHARACTERISTIC | ALL BIRTHS (N = 482) | EXPOSED MOTHERS (N = 61) | P VALUE* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age, y | 24.4 (6.03) | 24.5 (6.2) | .326† |
| Mean (SD) parity | 1.67 (1.72) | 1.82 (1.47) | .474† |
| Mean (SD) gestational age, wk | 39.1 (1.3) | 38.8 (1.5) | .045† |
| Smoking, n (%) | 278 (57.7) | 50 (83.3) | < .001 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 116 (25.3) | 21 (34.4) | .050 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 37 (7.7) | 6 (10.5) | .418 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 11 (2.3) | 1 (1.7) | .735 |
| Gestational diabetes, n (%) | 26 (5.4) | 2 (3.4) | .454 |
| Hepatitis B, n (%) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | .590 |
| First Nations community, n (%) | 379 (78.6) | 58 (95.1) | .004 |
| Cesarean section, n (%) | 118 (24.5) | 14 (23.0) | .935 |
| Nonelective cesarean section, n (%) | 83 (17.2) | 10 (16.4) | .924 |
| Out-of-hospital deliveries, n (%) | 13 (2.7) | 3 (5.0) | .244 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%) | 70 (14.5) | 7 (11.5) | .462 |