Table 1.

Descriptive statistics of study variables (N = 198): A) Reliability estimates (Cronbach α) for multi-item scales; B) Respondents’ characteristics.

A) VARIABlESMEAN (SD) SCORE*CRONBACH α
Type of burnout
  • Personal2.96 (1.98).82
  • Work-related1.46 (1.30).71
Loneliness5.44 (1.84).83
Source of social support
  • Relatives8.22 (2.37).75
  • Friends7.80 (3.25).82
  • Colleagues6.44 (3.21).84
B) RESPONDENTS’ CHARACTERISTICSVALUE†
Year of residency, %
  • 133.33
  • 233.33
  • 312.63
  • 49.09
  • ≥ 511.62
Residency program, %
  • Family practice43.43
  • Non-surgical specialty47.98
  • Surgical specialty8.59
Work autonomy, mean (SD)‡2.94 (1.03)
Male sex, %27.78
Year of birth, mean (SD)1981.86 (4.92)
Race or ethnicity, %
  • White66.16
  • Asian22.73
  • Other11.11
Marital status, %
  • Married53.03
  • Partnered (non-cohabitating) or cohabitating30.30
  • Single, divorced, or widowed16.67
Not born in Canada, %30.81
Has children, %23.23
Total major life events, mean (SD)1.88 (1.30)
Change in mental health since starting residency, mean (SD)§2.62 (0.95)
Change in physical health since starting residency, mean (SD)§2.61 (0.94)

  • ↵* Higher scores indicate higher levels of personal burnout (scores = 0–6) or work-related burnout (scores = 0–4), higher levels of loneliness (scores = 3–9), and higher levels of social support from friends (scores = 0–15), colleagues (scores = 0–15), and relatives (scores = 2–14).

  • ↵† Values have been rounded.

  • ↵‡ Scored on a 5-point scale from very low to very high.

  • ↵§ Scored on a 5-point scale from much worse to much better.