Table 1.

Coding scheme

TYPE OF EXPRESSION AND EXPRESSIONS CODED	EXAMPLES
Risk communication
• Statement about potential benefits or harms	“This medication has some side effects”
• Expression of probability or uncertainty	“The most severe side effects are rare”
• Numbers	“Less than 1 in a thousand”
Values clarification
• Efficacy and side effects	“I did not try the medication because of the side effects”
• Frequency of administration	“It’s really hard to make it to physiotherapy twice a week”
• Mode of administration and cost	“I have no insurance. For all the rest I am covered, but not for that”
• Patient priorities	“I really don’t want to have to miss work”
• Life philosophies or identity	“I am not the kind of person who wants to suffer”
• Background	“No one in my family has ever breastfed”
• Life circumstances or context	“My father-in-law is living with us so I plan meals that he likes”