Inhibition |
Tumour invasion and metastasis | Epigallocatechin gallate | Green tea |
Growth factor receptor–mediated signal transduction | Delphinidin, ellagic acid | Blueberries, raspberries, nuts |
Inflammatory enzymes (eg, cyclooxygenase-2) | Curcumin, resveratrol | Turmeric, grapes |
Transcription factor activity (eg, nuclear factor-κB, activator protein-1) | Curcumin, resveratrol | Turmeric, grapes |
Multidrug resistance | Diallyl disulfide | Garlic |
Angiogenesis | Epigallocatechin gallate | Green tea |
Estrogenic actions | Genistein | Soy |
Metabolic activation of carcinogens via phase I enzymes | Indole-3-carbinol | Cabbage |
Activation |
Tumour cell apoptosis | Phenethyl isothiocyanate | Cabbage, watercress |
Immune system function | Lentinan | Shiitake mushrooms |
Detoxification via phase II enzymes | Sulforaphane | Broccoli |