Article Figures & Data
Tables
- Table 1
Health outcomes, behaviours, and utilization: Variables and classification criteria.
VARIABLES (POPULATION SELECTION) CRITERIA TO RECORD AS POSITIVE Cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease Diagnosed by a physician Other chronic health conditions Diagnosed by a physician; that have lasted or were expected to last 6 mo or more Injury Self-reported injury in last 12 mo Self-perceived general health Good, very good, or excellent Education Received some post-secondary education Smoker Smoking cigarettes daily or occasionally Obese Body mass index (self-reported weight in kg divided by the square of self-reported height in m) of 30 or greater Heavy alcohol consumption Self-reported consumption of 5 or more drinks on a single occasion, 2 or more times per wk Fruit and vegetable consumption Consuming at or above the daily recommended amount Physically inactive Respondents’ leisure time physical activity in the past 3 mo expended less than 1.5 kcal/kg daily Life stress (among those 18 y or older) Quite a bit or extreme stress level Sense of belonging to their community Somewhat or very strong Low social support Below 50th percentile on the positive social interactions subscale Low emotional support Below 50th percentile on the emotional or information support subscale Depression Self-reported lack of interest in most things and reported4 or more of the following symptoms: appetite or sleep disturbance, decreased energy, difficulty concentrating, feelings of worthlessness, suicidal thoughts Disability or health problem as a barrier to action to improve health (among respondents reporting a barrier) Had not done anything in past 12 mo to improve health, owing to a barrier; cited disability or health problem as the barrier Hysterectomy (among women 25–65 y) Had hysterectomy Papanicolaou test (among women sexually active in last 12 mo) Had test in the past 3 y Mammogram (among women 50 y or older) Had mammogram in the past 2 y Prostate-specific antigen test for prostate cancer (among men 50 y or older) Had test in the past 2 y Flu shot (among Ontario residents) Ever had a flu shot Primary care access Reported at least 1 family doctor or general practitioner visit in the past 12 mo Unmet health care need (among those 18 y or older) Affirmative response to question asking whether in the last 12 mo they felt they needed health care but did not receive it MALES FEMALES TOTAL AGE GROUP (Y) NO. % WITH HEARING PROBLEM NO. % WITH HEARING PROBLEM NO. % WITH HEARING PROBLEM 11–20 9798 1.00 9060 1.22 18 858 1.10 21–30 10 464 1.13 10516 1.68 20 979 1.41 31–40 12 525 1.72 12530 1.45 25 056 1.58 41–50 12 566 2.49 12654 1.97 25 220 2.23 51–60 8874 4.95 8938 3.50 17 812 4.22 61–70 5714 10.87 6218 4.54 11 932 7.57 71–80 3596 20.01 4818 10.70 8414 14.68 81–90 1088 32.00 1798 24.84 2886 27.54 ≥ 91 85 58.77 180 45.60 265 49.81 All age groups 64 710 4.52 66712 3.53 131 422 4.02 - Table 3
Odds ratio estimates for the relationship between having a hearing problem and various health outcomes, health promotion activities, health care utilization, and perceptions of overall health: All models have been adjusted for age and sex.
VARIABLE N ODDS RATIO 95% CONFIDENCE INTERVAL ADDITIONAL ADJUSTMENTS Specific health outcomes • Cancer 131272 1.16 0.96–1.39 Smoking status • High blood pressure 131208 0.97 0.87–1.07 • Diabetes 131351 0.99 0.86–1.14 • Heart disease 131345 1.31 1.17–1.48 • Chronic condition 127720 1.69 1.50–1.91 • Injury 131387 1.21 1.07–1.36 • Depression 128854 1.59 1.36–1.85 • Hysterectomy 41676 1.23 0.97–1.56 Health promotion activities • Education 130322 0.61 0.56–0.66 • Fruit and vegetable consumption 130041 1.02 0.94–1.11 • Physically inactive 120566 1.14 1.01–1.29 • Heavy alcohol consumption 100022 0.82 0.70–0.97 • Smoker 117449 0.87 0.78–0.96 Education, income, province • Obese 93665 1.27 1.09–1.48 Health care utilization • Primary care consultation 131111 1.52 1.35–1.71 • Disability cited as a barrier to improving health 24749 1.60 1.24–2.06 • Prostate-specific antigen blood test 18118 0.91 0.79–1.03 Province, income • Flu shot 50029 1.57 1.35–1.83 • Papanicolaou test 17813 0.84 0.57–1.24 • Mammogram 22858 0.90 0.79–1.02 Perceptions of overall health • Sense of belonging to the community 119941 0.98 0.90–1.07 • Life stress 118858 1.00 0.90–1.10 • Self-perceived general health 131395 0.54 0.49–0.60 • Self-perceived unmet health care needs 131337 1.31 1.17–1.46 Province • Low emotional support 72559 0.97 0.87–1.07 Marital status • Low social support 72913 1.02 0.92–1.14 Marital status
