Antevil et al,
12
2006
|
Retrospective review, case series
|
Various retrievable filters
|
161 patients: indications were prophylaxis or demonstrated VTE in multitrauma patients
|
Mean 94 d (range 15–268)
|
1 case (0.5%) of PE despite indwelling filter
|
Mean 94 d (range 15– 268)
|
33 of 43 attempts were successful (77%)
|
2 septic filters (1.2%), 1 IVC occlusion (0.6%), 8 filter thrombi (5%), 1 filter endothelialization (0.6%), 1 filter angulation (0.6%)
|
Bovyn et al,
13
2006
|
Uncontrolled prospective case series
|
Tempofilter II temporary filter
|
103 patients: indications were complications, contraindications, or ineffectiveness of anticoagulation therapy
|
90 d postretrieval (range 34–252)
|
1 case (1.0%) of PE despite indwelling filter
|
29.5 d (range 2–86)
|
101 of 102 attempts were successful (99%)
|
16 filter thrombi (15.5%), 1 filter migration to right atrium (1%), 9 with moderate IVC narrowing (8.7%)
|
Rosenthal et al,
14
2006
|
Uncontrolled prospective case series
|
Various retrievable filters
|
127 patients: indication was multitrauma
|
71 d (range 5–116)
|
1 case (0.8%) of postfilter retrieval PE; 4 DVTs (3.1%) while filter in place
|
71 d (range 5–116)
|
66 of 70 with indication for removal were successful (94%); 4 were left due to thrombus
|
39 patients died of other injuries (22.7%), 7 complicated filter placements (5.5%), 3 groin hematomas (2.4%), 3 misplaced filters (2.4%), 4 filter thrombi (3.1%)
|
Rosenthal et al,
15
2005
|
Retrospective review, case series
|
OptEase retrievable filter
|
40 patients: indications were contraindication to anticoagulation therapy, recent major trauma, recent DVT or PE
|
3 mo
|
No incidence of PE
|
Mean 16 d (range 3–48)
|
100% successful retrieval of those attempted
|
2 cases of filter misplacement in right common iliac vein (5%)
|
Imberti et al,
16
2005
|
Uncontrolled prospective multicentre case series
|
ALN retrievable filter
|
30 patients: indications were acute VTE with contraindication to anticoagulation therapy, prophylaxis following trauma, or prophylaxis before major surgery
|
Median of 18.2 mo
|
100% technical success; no PE found; 2 patients with DVT (6.7%)
|
Median of 123 d (range 30–345)
|
14 of 18 attempts were successful (78%)
|
3 filter emboli (10%), 1 filter migration (3%)
|
Allen et al,
17
2005
|
Retrospective review, case series
|
Günther Tulip retrievable filter
|
51 patients: indications were prophylaxis or demonstrated VTE in multitrauma patients
|
21 d
|
No symptomatic PE
|
Within 14 d
|
24 of 25 attempts were successful (95%)
|
6 patients died of other causes (11.8%); no other complications; 29 filters became permanent (57%)
|
Oliva et al,
18
2005
|
Prospective multicentre nonrandomized study
|
OptEase retrievable filter
|
27 patients: indications were DVT, PE, or high risk of PE with no known thromboembolic disease
|
Mean 11 d (range 5–14)
|
No symptomatic PE observed during filter placement and 1 mo postretrieval
|
Mean 11 d (range 5–14)
|
All 21 attempts were successful; 3 not removed due to ongoing contraindication to anticoagulation therapy, 2 left due to large filter thrombi, 1 left due to poor patient prognosis
|
None observed
|
Morris et al,
19
2004
|
Retrospective review, case series
|
Various retrievable filters
|
130 patients: indications ranged from absolute to prophylactic
|
19 d (range 11–41)
|
1 case (0.8%) of postfilter retrieval PE
|
19 d (range 11–41)
|
15 patients had filters removed (93% technical success)
|
None observed
|
Hoff et al,
20
2004
|
Uncontrolled prospective case series
|
Günther Tulip retrievable filter
|
35 patients: indications were blunt trauma with no known thromboembolic disease but contraindication to anticoagulation therapy and mechanical prophylaxis
|
Range 6–14 d
|
No PE during hospital stay; 3 DVTs (8.6%) while filter in place
|
Mean 10.2 d (range 6–14)
|
18 of 22 attempts were successful (82%)
|
4 filter thrombi resulting in failed retrieval attempt (11.4%)
|
Terhaar et al,
21
2004
|
Uncontrolled retrospective review with prospective follow-up callback, case series
|
Günther Tulip retrievable filter
|
53 patients: indications were planned major surgery with recurrent PE or high PE risk, extensive iliofemoral thrombus, DVT with anticoagulant complications, breakthrough PE despite anticoagulation therapy, and contraindication to anticoagulation therapy
|
13 mo (for permanent filter patients)
|
1 case of PE (1.9%)
|
Median 34 d (range 7– 126)
|
16 of 19 attempts were successful (84%)
|
1 postretrieval pneumothorax (6.25%), 1 PE 12 h postinsertion (1.9%); 2 right internal jugular vein thromboses (3.8%), 1 transient Horner syndrome postretrieval (6.25%); 3 failed retrieval attempts (2 due to filter thrombi [3.8%], 1 due to adherence to IVC wall [1.9%]); 6 patients died (unrelated to filter placement or retrieval) (11.3%)
|
Millward et al,
22
2001
|
Retrospective (and prospective) multicentre review, case series
|
Günther Tulip retrievable filter
|
90 patients: indications were PE or DVT with contraindication to anticoagulation therapy or prophylaxis after massive PE or free-floating thrombus or prophylaxis after trauma or before major surgery
|
Retrieved: mean 103 d (range 5–420); nonretrieved: mean 85 d (range 7–420)
|
97.6% technical success (2 wrongly inserted filters), no PE in retrieval or nonretrieval groups
|
Mean 9 d (range 2–25)
|
52 of 53 attempts were successful (98%); 1 failure due to initial filter misplacement
|
Retrieval group: 3 deaths unrelated to filter, 1 misplaced in iliac vein (1.1%), 1 recurrent DVT 230 d postretrieval. Nonretrieval group: 7 deaths unrelated to filter, 10 large filter thrombi precluding planned retrieval (11.1%), 2 IVC occlusions (2.2%)
|