Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Time frame definitions
Tables
VARIABLE PATIENTS WITHOUT DEPRESSION (BDI-II SCORE < 20), N = 597 PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSION (BDI-II SCORE ≥ 20), N = 83 TOTAL, N = 680 P VALUE Baseline variables Female sex, n (%) 285 (47.7) 42 (50.6) 327 (48.1) .63 Age, y, n (%) < .001 • < 45 41 (6.9) 11 (13.3) 52 (7.6) • 45–64 318 (53.3) 58 (69.9) 376 (55.3) • ≥ 65 238 (39.9) 14 (16.9) 252 (37.1) Household income > $100 000, n (%) 133 (22.3) 11 (13.3) 144 (21.2) .06 Cancer site, n (%) .38 • Breast 31 (5.2) 7 (8.4) 38 (5.6) • Gastrointestinal 333 (55.8) 42 (50.6) 375 (55.1) • Gynecologic or genitourinary 77 (12.9) 8 (9.6) 85 (12.5) • Lung 156 (26.1) 26 (31.3) 182 (26.8) Physical symptom count • Mean (SD) 6.42 (4.33) 10.51 (4.56) 6.92 (4.56) < .001 • Median (IQR) 6 (3–9) 10 (8–13) 6 (4–9) < .001 Days since diagnosis • Mean (SD) 885 (1263) 858 (1311) 882 (1268) .85 • Median (IQR) 451 (173–1036) 428 (170–893) 451 (173–1032) .90 Days to death • Mean (SD) 402 (338) 398 (412) 402 (347) .92 • Median (IQR) 318 (156–548) 212 (129–484) 306 (151–537) .19 No death, n (%) 100 (16.8) 18 (21.7) 118 (17.4) .27 No. of ADGs • Mean (SD) 9.36 (2.96) 9.36 (2.87) 9.36 (2.94) > .99 • Median (IQR) 9 (7–11) 9 (7–11) 9 (7–11) .80 Look-back outcomes No. of primary care non–mental health visits • Mean (SD) 5.34 (5.73) 7.22 (7.94) 5.57 (6.07) .008 • Median (IQR) 4 (1–7) 5 (2–9) 4 (2–8) .04 No. of primary care mental health visits • Mean (SD) 0.73 (2.23) 2.34 (9.48) 0.93 (3.94) < .001 • Median (IQR) 0 (0–1) 0 (0–1) 0 (0–1) .01 No. of psychiatry visits • Mean (SD) 0.52 (3.09) 0.86 (3.01) 0.56 (3.08) .351 • Median (IQR) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) .017 No. of oncology visits • Mean (SD) 11.40 (10.04) 10.64 (9.46) 11.31 (9.97) .51 • Median (IQR) 9 (4–15) 7 (4–16) 8 (4–16) .44 No. of surgery visits • Mean (SD) 2.24 (2.55) 2.47 (2.33) 2.27 (2.53) .44 • Median (IQR) 1 (0–3) 2 (1–3) 2 (0–3) .14 Days observed • Mean (SD) 280 (114) 275 (114) 279 (114) .61 • Median (IQR) 365 (176–365) 365 (165–365) 365 (173–365) .40 Look-forward outcomes No. of primary care non–mental health visits • Mean (SD) 7.38 (6.92) 8.90 (8.75) 7.57 (7.18) .07 • Median (IQR) 6 (3–10) 6 (2–13) 6 (3–10) .48 No. of primary care mental health visits • Mean (SD) 0.59 (2.02) 2.08 (6.96) 0.77 (3.11) < .001 • Median (IQR) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–1) 0 (0–0) .01 No. of psychiatry visits • Mean (SD) 0.48 (2.80) 0.77 (2.27) 0.51 (2.74) .364 • Median (IQR) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) 0 (0–0) .011 No. of oncology visits • Mean (SD) 12.11 (10.61) 9.31 (8.67) 11.77 (10.43) .02 • Median (IQR) 10 (4–17) 7 (3–14) 9 (4–17) .02 No. of surgery visits • Mean (SD) 0.98 (1.82) 0.95 (2.21) 0.98 (1.87) .90 • Median (IQR) 0 (0–1) 0 (0–1) 0 (0–1) .51 Days observed • Mean (SD) 280 (111) 262 (118) 278 (112) .18 • Median (IQR) 365 (193–365) 365 (144–365) 365 (189–365) .37 -
ADG—ambulatory diagnostic group, BDI-II—Beck Depression Inventory-II, IQR—interquartile range.
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- Table 2
Regression results for the effect of depression on visit outcomes in the look-back period, adjusted for control variables: Control variables were age, sex, diagnosis site, income, physical comorbidity, physical symptom count, and the length of the observation window.
OUTCOME EXPLANATORY FACTOR PE RR (95% CI) P VALUE Primary care non–mental health visits Depression 0.20 1.23 (1.00–1.50) .05 Primary care mental health visits Depression 0.42 1.52 (0.84–2.78) .17 Oncology visits Depression −0.15 0.87 (0.72–1.04) .12 Surgery visits Depression 0.01 1.01 (0.77–1.34) .93 -
PE—parameter estimate, RR—rate ratio.
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- Table 3
Regression results for the effect of depression on visit outcomes in the look-forward period, adjusted for control variables: Control variables were age, sex, diagnosis site, income, physical comorbidity, physical symptom count, and the length of the observation window.
OUTCOME EXPLANATORY FACTOR PE RR (95% CI) P VALUE Primary care non–mental health visits Depression 0.19 1.21 (0.96–1.53) .10 Primary care mental health visits Depression 0.85 2.35 (1.18–4.66) .015 Oncology visits Depression −0.25 0.78 (0.65–0.94) .008 -
PE—parameter estimate, RR—rate ratio.
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