Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1
Multivariate model for predicting the use of electronic prescribing
Tables
- Table 1
Descriptive statistics and linear regression model for predicting use of electronic prescribing
PREDICTORS DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS AND CORRELATIONS LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL TO PREDICT USAGE MEAN (SD) MINIMUM MAXIMUM CORRELATION WITH USAGE ESTIMATE 95% CI P VALUE Physicians’ perceptions and intentions Perceived usefulness* • Average score of usefulness† 4.26 (0.51) 3 5 0.08 0.03 −0.06 to 0.12 .57 Perceived ease of use • MOXXI will be easy to use 4.13 (0.69) 2 5 0.19 0.05 −0.02 to 0.12 .14 Social influence • Colleagues’ attitudes will be positive toward my use of MOXXI 4.08 (0.61) 3 5 0.11 0.03 −0.04 to 0.11 .40 Intention to use • I will use MOXXI with most of my patients 4.49 (0.62) 2 5 −0.02 0.00 −0.08 to 0.07 .90 Physician characteristics Male sex‡ NA NA NA 0.19 0.07 −0.02 to 0.16 .15 Practice experience • Graduation year 1982 (7.55) 1965 1999 −0.17 −0.004 −0.010 to 0.002 .18 Physician typology§ • Pragmatist NA NA NA 0.18 0.07 −0.03 to 0.16 .17 • Receptive NA NA NA 0.10 −0.07 −0.20 to 0.06 .26 • Seeker NA NA NA −0.15 0.05 −0.08 to 0.17 .44 Previous computer experience • No. of hours per week of computer use 5.67 (6.37) 0 30 0.45 0.01 0.01 to 0.02 < .001 Practice characteristics Continuity of care|| 0.57 (0.09) 0 1 −0.08 −0.17 −0.69 to 0.35 .52 Average medication use¶ 2.84 (0.83) 1 5 0.30 0.07 0.01 to 0.12 .02 Practice size 1840 (877) 19 3880 −0.17 0.00 0.00 to 0.00 .20 Practice volume# 20.74 (7.26) 2 42 −0.17 0.00 −0.01 to 0.00 .19 -
MOXXI—medical office of the 21st century, NA—not applicable.
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↵* Cronbach α = .90.
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↵† Average score of usefulness is average of scores of 9 questions coming from perceived usefulness: 1) electronic prescribing will be useful; 2) electronic prescribing will make work easier; 3) electronic prescribing will have a beneficial effect on quality of patient care; 4) electronic prescribing will increase my professional satisfaction; 5) electronic prescribing will have a beneficial communication with other health care professionals; 6) electronic prescribing will improve continuity of care; 7) electronic prescribing will increase my professional autonomy; 8) electronic prescribing will increase patients’ satisfaction; and 9) electronic prescribing will have a minimal effect on depersonalizing patient care.
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↵‡ Female sex was used as reference category.
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↵§ Traditionalist was used as reference category.
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↵|| Proportion of visits made to study physician for each patient in the practice in the 18 months before the study.
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↵¶ No. of medications was counted for each patient in the 18 months before the study.
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↵# Daily no. of patients seen based on the no. of patient visits during the 18 months before the study divided by the no. of days worked during that same period.
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- Table 2
Three multivariate models to predict use of electronic prescribing: A) Parameters of physicians’ perceptions and intentions; B) Parameters of practice characteristics; C) Parameters of physician characteristics.
A) PHYSICIANS’ PERCEPTIONS AND INTENTIONS* PERCEIVED USEFULNESS + PERCEIVED EASE OF USE + SOCIAL INFLUENCE + BEHAVIOURAL INTENTION ESTIMATE 95% CI P VALUE Intercept 0.22 −0.26 to 0.70 .36 Perceived usefulness • Average score of usefulness −0.02 −0.14 to 0.09 .72 Perceived ease of use • MOXXI will be easy to use 0.06 −0.03 to 0.16 .19 Social influence • Colleagues’ attitudes will be positive toward my use of MOXXI 0.01 −0.09 to 0.10 .85 Behavioural intention • I will use MOXXI with most of my patients −0.03 −0.11 to 0.05 .50 B) PRACTICE CHARACTERISTICS† PRACTICE VOLUME + CONTINUITY OF CARE + MEDICATION USE + PRACTICE SIZE ESTIMATE 95% CI P VALUE Intercept 0.20 −0.17 to 0.57 .28 Practice volume‡ 0.00 −0.01 to 0.01 .34 Continuity of care§ −0.12 −0.72 to 0.48 .68 Average medication use|| 0.08 0.01 to 0.14 .02 Practice size¶ 0.00 0.00 to 0.00 .52 C) PHYSICIAN CHARACTERISTICS# AGE + SEX + INFORMATION-ACQUISITION STYLE + COMPUTER EXPERIENCE ESTIMATE 95% CI P VALUE Intercept 0.07 −0.55 to 0.68 .83 Practice experience • Graduation year −0.001 −0.01 to 0.01 .77 Sex** • Male 0.03 −0.07 to 0.14 .53 Physician typology†† • Pragmatist 0.26 0.08 to 0.45 .01 • Seeker 0.16 −0.05 to 0.36 .13 • Receptive 0.26 0.06 to 0.47 .01 Computer experience • Hours per week of computer use 0.01 0.005 to 0.02 .001 -
MOXXI—medical office of the 21st century.
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↵* R2 = 0.05; adjusted R2 = 0.02.
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↵† R2 = 0.12; adjusted R2 = 0.06.
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↵‡ Daily no. of patients seen based on the no. of patient visits during the 18 months before the study.
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↵§ Proportion of visits made to study physician for each patient in the practice in the 18 months before the study.
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↵|| No. of medications was counted for each patient in the 18 months before the study.
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↵¶ Unique patients that visited the study physician during the 18 months before study enrolment.
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# R2 = 0.34; adjusted R2 = 0.27.
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↵** Female sex was reference category.
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↵†† Traditionalist was reference category.
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- Table 3
Exploratory multivariate model with all variables: Variables selected by stepwise procedure; R2 = 0.42; adjusted R2 = 0.37.
VARIABLES MULTIPLE REGRESSION, WITH VARIABLES DETERMINED BY STEPWISE SELECTION PROCEDURE ESTIMATE 95% CI P VALUE Intercept −0.22 −0.44 to 0.01 .06 Hours per week of computer use 0.01 0.005 to 0.02 .001 Medication use 0.07 0.02 to 0.11 .01 Pragmatist versus others 0.30 0.12 to 0.47 .001 Receptive versus others 0.30 0.11 to 0.49 .003 Seeker versus others 0.18 −0.01 to 0.38 .06
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