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CHARACTERISTICS A: EXPOSED TO BUPRENORPHINE-NALOXONE (N = 30) B: EXPOSED TO OTHER OPIOIDS (N = 134) P VALUE (A–B) C: NOT EXPOSED TO OPIOIDS (N = 476) P VALUE (A–C) Mean (SD) age, y 26.1 (4.03) 25.4 (4.56) .442 24.9 (6.17) .296 Mean (SD) gravidity 4.4 (2.50) 3.9 (2.03) .240 3.2 (2.22) .004 Mean (SD) time taking buprenorphinenaloxone, wk 18.8 (11.20) NA NA NA NA Initial mean (SD) dose of buprenorphinenaloxone, mg 9.2 (6.20) NA NA NA NA Smoker, n (%) 25 (83.3) 113 (84.3) .893 229 (48.1) < .001 Alcohol use, n (%) 6 (20.0) 32 (23.9) .649 98 (20.6) .938 Type 2 diabetes, n (%) 2 (6.7) 3 (2.2) .227 14 (2.9) .244 Hypertension, n (%) 3 (10.0) 8 (6.0) .424 29 (6.1) .426 Hepatitis C, n (%) 1 (3.3) 7 (5.2) 1 (0.2) .115 History of marijuana use, n (%) 4 (13.3) 49 (36.6) .014 46 (9.7) .514 Urine positive for THC, n (%) 4 (13.3) 35 (26.1) .137 28 (5.9) .104 Gestational diabetes, n (%) 3 (10.0) 13 (9.7) .960 42 (8.8) .742 Mean (SD) gestational age, wk 38.9 (1.48) 38.6 (1.60) .348 38.9 (1.52) > .999 Cesarean section, n (%) 5 (16.7) 35 (26.1) .276 120 (25.2) .293 Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%) 3 (10.0) 10 (7.5) .708 44 (9.2) .752 Mean (SD) LOS, d 3.0 (1.63) 2.7 (1.71) .382 1.9 (1.13) < .001 Out-of-hospital delivery, n (%) 1 (3.3) 3 (2.2) .558 10 (2.1) .493 LOS—length of stay, NA—not applicable, THC—tetrahydrocannabinol.
OPIOID USE WOMEN EXPOSED TO BUPRENORPHINE-NALOXONE (N = 30), N (%) WOMEN EXPOSED TO OTHER OPIOIDS (N = 134), N (%) Quit* 24 (80.0) 49 (36.6) Decreased 3 (10.0) 53 (39.6) Increased 0 (0.0) 1 (0.7) No change 1 (3.3) 23 (17.2) Unknown 2 (6.7) 8 (6.0) ↵* Significantly more women in the group exposed to buprenorphinenaloxone had quit using illicit opioids at delivery (P < .001).
NEONATAL CHARACTERISTICS A: EXPOSED TO BUPRENORPHINE-NALOXONE (N = 30) B: EXPOSED TO OTHER OPIOIDS (N = 134) P VALUE (A–B) C: NOT EXPOSED TO OPIOIDS (N = 476) P VALUE (A–C) Preterm (< 37 wk), n (%) 1 (3.3) 6 (4.5) .799 19 (4.0) .857 Mean (SD) birth weight, g 3569.0 (491.91) 3243.7 (557.2) .004 3531.0 (590.2) .730 Mean (SD) 1-min Apgar score 8.8 (0.47) 8.7 (1.05) .611 8.6 (1.1) .323 Mean (SD) 5-min Apgar score 9.0 (0.18) 8.9 (0.83) .513 8.9 (0.71) .442 Any NAS score, n (%) 6 (20.0) 22 (16.4) .637 0 (0.0) < .001 NAS score > 7, n (%) 0 (0.0) 12 (9.0) .126 0 (0.0) > .999 Stillbirths, n (%) 0 (0.0) 1 (0.7) > .999 3 (0.6) > .999 Congenital anomalies, n (%) 1 (3.3) 0 (0.0) .180 1 (0.2) .115 Male sex, n (%) 15 (50.0) 74 (55.2) .657 243 (51.1) .911 Transfer to tertiary care, n (%) 1 (3.3) 5 (3.7) > .999 9 (1.9) .460 NAS—neonatal abstinence syndrome.
