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Research ArticleProgram Description

Shared Canadian Curriculum in Family Medicine (SHARC-FM)

Creating a national consensus on relevant and practical training for medical students

David A. Keegan, Ian Scott, Michael Sylvester, Amy Tan, Kathleen Horrey and W. Wayne Weston
Canadian Family Physician April 2017; 63 (4) e223-e231;
David A. Keegan
Associate Professor of Family Medicine in the Cumming School of Medicine at the University of Calgary in Alberta.
MD CCFP(EM) FCFP
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  • For correspondence: dkeegan@ucalgary.ca
Ian Scott
Associate Professor at the University of British Colombia in Vancouver.
MD MSc FRCPC FCFP
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Michael Sylvester
Assistant Professor at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ont.
MD MEd CCFP FCFP
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Amy Tan
Associate Professor of Family Medicine in the Cumming School of Medicine at the University of Calgary.
MD MSc CCFP(PC)
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Kathleen Horrey
Associate Professor of Family Medicine at Dalhousie University in Halifax, NS.
MD CCFP FCFP
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W. Wayne Weston
Professor Emeritus in the Schulich School of Medicine at Western University in London, Ont.
MD CCFP FCFP
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Abstract

Problem addressed In 2006, leaders of undergraduate family medicine education programs faced a series of increasing curriculum mandates in the context of limited time and financial resources. Additionally, it became apparent that a hidden curriculum against family medicine as a career choice was active in medical schools.

Objective of program The Shared Canadian Curriculum in Family Medicine was developed by the Canadian Undergraduate Family Medicine Education Directors and supported by the College of Family Physicians of Canada as a national collaborative project to support medical student training in family medicine clerkship. Its key objective is to enable education leaders to meet their educational mandates, while at the same time countering the hidden curriculum and providing a route to scholarship.

Program description The Shared Canadian Curriculum in Family Medicine is an open-access, shared, national curriculum (www.sharcfm.ca). It contains 23 core clinical topics (determined through a modified Delphi process) with demonstrable objectives for each. It also includes low- and medium-fidelity virtual patient cases, point-of-care learning resources (clinical cards), and assessment tools, all aligned with the core topics. French translation of the resources is ongoing.

Conclusion The core topics, objectives, and educational resources have been adopted by medical schools across Canada, according to their needs. The lessons learned from mounting this multi-institutional collaborative project will help others develop their own collaborative curricula.

The Shared Canadian Curriculum in Family Medicine (SHARC-FM) is a curriculum of objectives and practical educational tools to support medical student training in family medicine clerkships. Understanding the development of the curriculum, as well as the lessons learned, might be of help to others leading large collaborative curriculum projects. While the resources in SHARC-FM have been developed for medical students, they are also useful to residents and practising family doctors.

Objective of program

When the SHARC-FM project began in 2006, academic family medicine in Canada faced many challenges. Medical schools were creating their own online learning modules with minimal collaboration. Accreditation standards for medical schools had also changed, requiring medical schools to identify and track the types of patients students were expected to see during each clerkship rotation and provide alternative learning experiences if such patients were not encountered.1 As a result, if a student failed to acquire appropriate experiences caring for patients with asthma, for example, the medical school was then expected to provide an asthma learning event replicating a patient encounter.

Simultaneously, our specialty struggled with low percentages of students choosing family medicine as a career. Students interested in family medicine were exposed to comments and other signals dissuading them from choosing family medicine, a phenomenon known as the hidden curriculum.2 Finally, there was minimal faculty time (0.2 to 0.6 full-time equivalent) protected at each school for undergraduate family medicine curriculum development.3

The Canadian Undergraduate Family Medicine Directors (CUFMED) existed as a group of representatives from all Canadian university departments of family medicine. With meeting support from the College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC), CUFMED functioned as an autonomous group and met annually to provide networking and information sharing for its members. At its 2006 meeting, CUFMED agreed to develop educational resources to support medical student learning during family medicine clerkship rotations while also portraying the scientific rigour of our field. The project became SHARC-FM.

Program description

Below, we describe SHARC-FM’s development using the 6-step iterative framework for curriculum development described by Kern and colleagues (Box 1).4 We used this framework as a guide for our project, as it was known to us, is simple, and is prominent in the field of medical education.

Box 1.

Six steps in curriculum development

Kern and colleagues identified the following steps in curriculum development:

  • Problem identification and general needs assessment: the main challenges and context, and how other groups have dealt with them, are described

  • Targeted needs assessment: the key needs of the curriculum users are identified and clarified

  • Goals and objectives: the goals of the curriculum are made clear, and the objectives to support curriculum development are defined

  • Educational strategies: the ways to deliver learning opportunities are decided upon

  • Implementation: issues related to implementation are described

  • Evaluation and lessons learned: the ability of the curriculum to deliver on goals is reported and lessons learned are shared

Data from Kern et al.4

Problem identification and general needs assessment.

The new accreditation standards and the limited faculty time at each Canadian department of family medicine were driving forces for this project. Additionally, all Canadian family medicine undergraduate directors were being given substantial mandates to expand the presence of family medicine within each school’s curriculum, usually without additional resources. While several departments of family medicine had embarked on creating educational resources to address gaps in students’ exposure to patients, progress was slow and expensive, and efforts were uncoordinated.

Outside of family medicine, the only similar project we could identify was the Computer-assisted Learning In Pediatrics Project (CLIPP) cases.5 Initially fostered by the Council on Medical Student Education in Pediatrics,6 CLIPP was a collaborative development of online cases to support medical student learning in pediatrics.4 It now operates in a non-profit subscription model.7

Targeted needs assessment.

While CUFMED members were supportive of the development of a national curriculum, many were hesitant over concerns about lack of time and financial resources. Using a deliberative inquiry8 approach to curriculum development, we first identified the needs of various stakeholders in our curriculum at our in-person meetings, as listed in Table 1. We then used these needs to determine the principles that would guide the development of the curriculum. These core principles were discussed, debated, and revised through in-person and online discussions over a 2-year period, leading to the final version in 2008 (Table 2).9

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Table 1.

Stakeholder groups and needs for a national family medicine clerkship curriculum

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Table 2.

Guiding principles for SHARC-FM

Decisions were made to deliberately use language and develop tools to counter the hidden curriculum, emphasizing a core feature of family medicine: evidence-based clinical excellence in a patient-centred model.

Our group agreed on the following vision for SHARC-FM: that it be a national curricular collaboration of family medicine undergraduate education leaders, comprising a set of key clinical scenarios and competency objectives for students in family medicine clerkships, backed up by a matrix of educational resources for learning and assessment that would be free and available to all members and the public.

Goals and objectives.

By consensus, we chose to initially focus on determining the core clinical scenarios, as this was the greatest common need of undergraduate family medicine programs. Also, by focusing on the core clinical scenarios, we believed this would be a knowledge domain that would immediately resonate and be easily understood by our external stakeholders. Finally, we anticipated that this would be less difficult than determining broader competency objectives and would enable early progress in developing the curriculum.

Over several years, we conducted surveys and held in-person meetings to create a list of key clinical scenarios. In this modified Delphi process,10 we used a total of 7 phases to refine our list to 23 core topics. We started with a rough list of potential topics comprising the top 20 postgraduate clinical topics for Canadian family medicine residency training,11 the top diagnoses made by family doctors,12,13 data on the most common concerns patients bring to family doctors,14,15 and additional topics our primary authors thought should be part of the first iteration. We also included “red herrings”— topics that should likely not make it to the final list—to confirm the effectiveness of our process. Respondents to the surveys were blinded to the fact that there were deliberate red herrings.

This first list of 48 topics went out to CUFMED members by survey for feedback on the importance of each topic for medical students in family medicine clerkships. The survey responses, comments, and suggestions for additional topics were used to refine the list and were sent back in another survey. Two more cycles of surveys and refinement were conducted, followed by presentation of the fifth version at a gathering. After these 5 phases, we had 20 core topics. We later returned to the topic list for an additional 2 cycles of debate and refinement, leading us to our current 23 core clinical topics. None of the red herrings made it through the first 4 cycles.

An additional project is under way to determine the skills or competencies that a medical student needs (eg, “able to write a prescription”), the results of which will be reported when complete.

The complete clinical scenario list, which includes presentations (such as cough), established conditions (such as hypertension), and preventive care, is found in Box 2.

Box 2.

Clinical scenarios for SHARC-FM

  • A1: abdominal pain

  • A2: anxiety

  • A3: asthma

  • A4: chest pain

  • A5: contraception

  • A6: cough

  • A7: depression

  • A8: dizziness

  • A9: fatigue

  • A10: fever

  • A11: headache

  • A12: hypertension

  • A13: ischemic heart disease

  • A14: low back pain

  • A15: palliative care

  • A16: prenatal care

  • A17: type 2 diabetes

  • A18: baby, child, and youth preventive care

  • A19: adult female preventive care

  • A20: adult male preventive care

  • A21: health care of the elderly

  • A22: joint pain

  • A23: skin conditions

SHARC-FM—Shared Canadian Curriculum in Family Medicine.

As a group that had spent 2 years refining our vision and principles and more time coming to a set of core clinical scenarios, we were impatient to get started on creating learning resources. We made a tacit assumption that a common list of topics would translate into a shared understanding of the objectives for each topic and used the topic areas alone to guide the development of educational resources. This assumption was wrong.

It became apparent that we had different ideas about what content should be taught or tested. As a result, we reconvened several times from June 2011 to June 2012, working in small and large groups to develop common objectives for each topic using an approach based on key features16 by ensuring that we captured issues where medical students in family medicine clerkships are most likely to go wrong and critical “cannot miss” issues. We used another modified Delphi process (series of surveys and meetings) to reach unanimous agreement on the objectives for each of the clinical scenarios. The objectives for ischemic heart disease are outlined in Box 3 as an example. The full objective set is available at www.sharcfm.ca.

Box 3.

Objectives for IHD

By the end of family medicine clerkship, students will be able to do the following with respect to IHD:

  • Identify patients at elevated risk of IHD and calculate their 10-y cardiovascular risk using the Framingham risk score

  • Propose a patient-centred initial management plan for primary prevention of IHD

  • Identify which patients require further investigation to confirm a diagnosis of IHD

  • Describe an early post–ischemic event management plan including lifestyle changes, medications, psychosocial support, cardiac rehabilitation, etc

  • Propose a surveillance and management plan for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with IHD

IHD—ischemic heart disease.

Educational strategies.

We have developed a series of materials to support student learning and assessment around our curriculum topics, including the following.

Point-of-care, hand-held learning resources (Canadian Family Medicine Clinical Cards): These clinical cards provide handy information that assists in clinical reasoning and management, including recognition of red flags and adapting care to patients’ contexts. An example is the exercise prescription clinical card, which is shown in Figure 1.17 Clinical cards are made available for electronic downloading and distribution, and some schools choose to print hard copies for their students and preceptors.

Figure 1.
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Figure 1.

Example Canadian Family Medicine Clinical Card

Reproduced from Wickenheiser et al.17

Paper cases: The CUFMED members have contributed paper cases that are aligned with the topics and objectives within SHARC-FM. These cases can be used by schools to assist with delivering small group learning sessions.

Virtual patients: Led by David Topps of the University of Calgary in Alberta, a series of virtual patient cases have been developed. These are online simulations of patient encounters in which learners work through a case making decisions on patient assessment and examination, interpretation of findings, diagnosis, and management.

Multiple-choice questions: These are for summative assessment of student knowledge and are available to family medicine clerkship committees in Canada who wish to use them to augment their own examination banks. The questions are blueprinted to the clinical scenario objectives. (These questions are held securely at the CFPC headquarters and are couriered to interested schools on encrypted media.)

Other resources: We have also curated key articles that are aligned with each of the objectives. These background learning materials serve as self-learning resources for students and are also available at www.sharcfm.ca.

Implementation.

This project has been exciting and challenging, with numerous implementation issues to explore and overcome.

Support: The CFPC provides ongoing funding for administrative and operating costs of SHARC-FM, and strategic guidance through its Undergraduate Education Committee. This support was critical during the early formative stages. Departments of family medicine and undergraduate medical education offices across the country have provided additional financial support and e-learning technology expertise, which have been also critical to maintaining momentum.

Peer review: New educational objects and resources developed through SHARC-FM are subjected to blinded peer review that is coordinated by the lead members for each type of resource. Reviewers assess the quality of material design and the accuracy of medical content, and ensure the absence of third-party material for which permission has not been granted and that there is no identifying patient information. Authors of materials must address reviewer comments to the satisfaction of the resource type lead before being formally published as a SHARC-FM resource. Multiple-choice questions are subjected to non-blinded peer review during question-writing workshops.

Dissemination: The learning resources within SHARC-FM have been made available to the public through www.sharcfm.ca. Upon reviewing our foundational research and peer-review process, MedEdPORTAL,18 the online publishing arm of the American Association of Medical Colleges, granted our initiative Special Collection Reviewed status, which has further streamlined the ability for resources developed under SHARC-FM to be broadly disseminated. MedEdPORTAL now houses SHARC-FM materials within the iCollaborative section of its website.

Local implementation: A key guiding principle of SHARC-FM has been that the implementation of its materials at local schools was optional. As a result, the local implementation of SHARC-FM at each Canadian medical school has varied, with some schools replacing their previous ED-2 criterion scenarios1 (ie, the clinical experiences students are required to have for the purposes of program accreditation) with those within SHARC-FM, and others using the resources to supplement the learning resources they provide to students. With the recent completion of the SHARC-FM clinical scenario objectives, many schools have replaced or refined their current relevant objectives to align with these new national objectives. Many schools direct medical students to SHARC-FM resources, and 8 schools have borne the cost of printing hard copies of the point-of-care clinical card handbooks for their clinical clerks. Some schools have decided to distribute them additionally to residents and preceptors, who have informally reported that they are welcome and useful resources for their teaching and as a support for their own clinical care.

Future implementation steps: Translation of all of our objectives into French has occurred, while translation of our clinical cards is under way. We plan to launch the French site, www.cccmf.ca (Curriculum canadien commun de stages en médecine familiale), in the summer of 2017. At that time, we will also be launching online formative testing modules.

Evaluation and lessons learned.

The vision for SHARC-FM—to be a national collaboration of shared objectives and learning resources to support student learning in family medicine—is being delivered. While the curriculum is still growing and maturing, Canadian family medicine clerkships now have this national consensus on topics, objectives, and other resources to draw upon. Getting to this point has not been easy, and we have learned lessons that will help others develop their own collaborative curricula, as follows.

Guiding principles: Clarifying and understanding all of our principles at the beginning of this project proved to have been a crucial step in guiding our handling of ongoing challenges and opportunities. We encountered numerous decisions that we were able to negotiate because we had already established our principles, such as whether to collaborate with a fee-for-access curriculum in another country (we did not). Regularly articulating our principles and adhering to them also enabled us to maintain momentum even though the membership of CUFMED was in constant flux; new members were immediately able to understand the role of SHARC-FM and how our decisions were guided.

Objectives: As described above, we erred in assuming each member of our group would have the same understanding of what should be learned for each of the clinical scenarios. This led to confusion and a derailing of our momentum. Having recognized this error, we were stimulated to develop and follow a rigorous process for developing our objectives. As a result, we have a strong set of objectives that are specific to each of the topics and that have been useful for schools to adopt for local curriculum development.

Structure19: Having an overall lead editor, as well as leaders for resource types and curriculum topics, has been important. In addition, the explicit support of our project leaders’ department heads has led to vital protected academic time to work on our initiative. The project was initially run in a shared-leadership model in which members were invited to contribute in their own way. This model failed, with members not being sure how best to focus their efforts.

We openly discussed this challenge, and our members unanimously agreed that they wanted firm direction during the early phases of the curriculum’s development. We empowered leaders to direct roles and jobs, such as assignment of objective-development tasks, while maintaining the ability of individuals to contribute meaningfully to content. With this new type of direction, the project gained momentum. As the curriculum matured, we have moved to an editorial board model of policy and process decision making, with membership including undergraduate family medicine leaders and a student chosen by the CFPC Section of Medical Students.

Increasing from annual to biannual meetings increased progress and momentum by providing protected time isolated from the day-to-day work at members’ home institutions. Departments of family medicine largely took a leap of faith on this project by funding their delegates’ repeated travel, thus enabling dynamic and productive meetings.

Buy-in from stakeholders: Rather than advising deans of what they “must do,” SHARC-FM offered collaboratively developed material for their schools’ use, at no cost, if they or their family medicine programs deemed it useful. This approach was key to the successful uptake of our material by most medical schools in Canada. Getting broad participation from all schools has further strengthened our community of educators, stimulating further collaborations.

Parallel curricular development: Not long after CUFMED began discussing and debating the guiding principles for SHARC-FM, the Paediatric Undergraduate Program Directors of Canada group started working on its own national collaborative curriculum called canucpaeds (Canadian Undergraduate Curriculum in Paediatrics).20 The leads for both SHARC-FM and canucpaeds regularly shared progress updates, specifically sharing challenges each initiative encountered. This parallel development built momentum for both curricula, as we learned from each other’s struggles and successes, and avoided each other’s traps.

Scholarship: This project has led to new scholarly work in undergraduate family medicine education, delivering on a key purpose of SHARC-FM. Scholarship includes modified Delphi work to determine the core clinical scenarios and competency objectives, and the development of a new process to identify the best background resources for student learning on these topics.21 Additionally, through our peer-review process and our Special Collection Reviewed status with MedEdPORTAL, our members have been able to get their learning resources recognized as peer-reviewed publications. Finally, this project has led to the development of a medical education elective22 for medical students and a number of national and international workshops on how to lead multi-institutional curriculum collaborations.

Discussion

Over the course of SHARC-FM’s development, it became apparent that in addition to the explicit principles (Table 29) we also had a number of tacit23 principles that were guiding our work, but which we had not described. With our regular project reflection, we came to identify these “extra” principles as follows.

  • Quality of development would be valued over speed, being mindful that “the best is the enemy of good”24 (ie, we would also not get bogged down by striving for perfection).

  • Not all member schools would be able to contribute to curriculum development to the same extent, as a result of differences in protected faculty time for undergraduate education and availability of resources, and this must be accepted.

  • Learners, particularly medical students, should be involved in the development of educational materials. Medical students and residents have contributed heavily to the development of the virtual patient cases and clinical cards.

  • The curriculum should embrace interprofessionalism25 in a family medicine context. This became apparent in our objectives development in which effective engagement of other health professionals recurred as a theme.

  • The visual appearance of our materials should be “sharp” and bold, to reflect the dynamic and rigorous clinical field.

This project has been in development since 2006. While we have presented it according to the linear cycle suggested by Kern et al,4 it has not developed in such an orderly fashion. Just as Kern and colleagues described,4 the development of this curriculum has been iterative and has bounced around the stages of their cycle. Sometimes this was planned, sometimes not.

There was no other large collaborative family medicine curriculum available at the origin of SHARC-FM. This has since changed: the Society of Teachers of Family Medicine (STFM) worked with the same non-profit group that governs the CLIPP cases to create fmCASES, a series of online virtual patient modules available on a subscription basis. The STFM has also created the National Clerkship Curriculum, which outlines the key clinical issues and specific objectives “core” to family medicine clerkships and which guides the ongoing maturation of fmCASES. The STFM and SHARC-FM have begun collaborating, with our chief editor sitting as a member of the National Clerkship Curriculum editorial board. The STFM now identifies the SHARC-FM collection as a resource for its members.

While SHARC-FM was still in its early phases, the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada led a collaborative national initiative entitled the Future of Medical Education in Canada to look at “how the education programs leading to the medical doctor (MD) degree in Canada can best respond to society’s evolving needs.”26 One of its enabling recommendations was to increase collaboration through sharing curricular and other resources. Clearly SHARC-FM directly delivers on this recommendation through its open-access and collaborative model of curriculum design and learning resource development.

A key impetus for SHARC-FM was the accreditation mandate for medical schools to define the clinical experiences students were required to have and to remedy any gaps.1 While the medical school accreditation framework has undergone yet another considerable change since SHARC-FM began, this clinical experience accreditation mandate remains under the new elements 6.2 and 8.6,27 and SHARC-FM continues to provide a national consensus approach to fulfilling it.

Conclusion

The effects of SHARC-FM are demonstrated by the adoption of the core topics, objectives, and educational resources by medical schools across Canada, according to their needs. The lessons we have shared—the importance of early agreement on principles and delivering on them, the need to develop one’s own set of objectives, the need for a clear leader to initially lay out the steps required to get to the vision, the critical role of protected academic time and regular face-to-face meetings, and the importance of meeting the needs of stakeholders— are not specific to our project. Others can learn from us and deliberately address such issues to improve the likelihood of their own success and improve their efficiency in delivering on their own visions.

Acknowledgments

We thank the College of Family Physicians of Canada for its support in helping this project move from idea to reality. The College provides ongoing funding for administrative and operational costs of the Shared Canadian Curriculum in Family Medicine. Different family medicine departments and undergraduate medical education offices provide additional administrative and educational design support. We also thank the following additional contributors to the Shared Canadian Curriculum in Family Medicine strategy and development: Judy Baird (McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont), Sarah Bates (University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon), Carolle Bernier (University of Sherbrooke in Quebec), Johan Bester (University of Calgary in Alberta), Rob Billington (University of Saskatchewan), Nathalie Boudreault (Laval University in Quebec city, Que), Pamela Cirino (College of Family Physicians of Canada in Mississauga, Ont), Tony D’Urzo (University of Toronto in Ontario), Stephen diTomasso (University of Montreal in Quebec), Norah Duggan (Memorial University of Newfoundland in St John’s), Clayton Dyck (University of Manitoba in Winnipeg), Dale Edwards (Western University in London, Ont), Kymm Feldman (University of Toronto), Jacques Frenette (Laval University), David Gass (Dalhousie University in Halifax, NS), Lisa Graves (McGill University in Montreal), Susan Hauch (University of Manitoba), Kay-Anne Haykal (University of Ottawa in Ontario), Michael Hirsch (University of Ottawa), Jason Hosain (University of Saskatchewan), Philippe Imbeault (University of Sherbrooke), Wes Jackson (University of Calgary), Martina Kelly (University of Calgary), George Kim (Western University), Marlee Klaiman (McMaster University), Éric Lachance (University of Sherbrooke), Leonora Lalla (McGill University), Mark Lees (University of Saskatchewan), Barbara Lent (Western University), Michelle Levy (Western University and University of Alberta in Edmonton), Jennifer McCabe (University of Toronto), Meredith McKague (University of Saskatchewan), Jonel Miklea (McMaster University), Azadeh Moaveni (University of Toronto), Scott Moffat (Memorial University of Newfoundland), Beryl Moore (McMaster University), Lara Nixon (University of Calgary), Eoghan O’Shea (University of Ottawa), Michael Paget (University of Calgary), Lynn Power (Memorial University of Newfoundland), Paul Rainsberry (College of Family Physicians of Canada), Mireille St-Jean (University of Ottawa), Jean-François Thibert (University of Montreal), Tanya Thornton (Western University), Hiromi Tissera (McGill University), Anthony Seto (University of Calgary), David Topps (Northern Ontario School of Medicine and University of Calgary), Janet Tworek (University of Calgary), Sharonie Valin (University of Toronto), Brent Wolfram (Queen’s University in Kingston, Ont), Bruce Wright (University of Calgary and University of British Columbia), Keith Wycliffe-Jones (University of Calgary), Catherine Yanchula (Western University), and Sherylan Young (University of Toronto).

Notes

EDITOR’S KEY POINTS

  • The Shared Canadian Curriculum in Family Medicine (SHARC-FM) is a freely available curriculum of objectives and practical educational tools to support medical student training in family medicine clerkship. While the resources in SHARC-FM were developed for medical students, they are also useful for residents and practising family doctors.

  • A national consensus process was used to identify the clinical topics essential to family medicine clerkship, as well as the learning objectives for each topic.

  • A variety of learning materials aligned with these topics are freely available on the SHARC-FM website (www.sharcfm.ca).

POINTS DE REPÈRE DU RÉDACTEUR

  • Le Curriculum canadien de stages en médecine familiale (CCC-MF) est un curriculum disponible gratuitement, qui comprend des objectifs et des outils de formation pratique contribuant à la formation des étudiants durant leurs stages en médecine familiale. Même si le contenu du CCC-MF a été créé pour les étudiants du premier cycle, il est aussi pertinent pour les résidents et les médecins de famille en pratique.

  • Un consensus national a été utilisé pour identifier les sujets cliniques essentiels dans les stages en médecine familiale, de même que les objectifs d’apprentissage pour chacun de ces sujets.

  • Différents outils d’apprentissage en lien avec ces sujets sont disponibles gratuitement sur le site web du CCC-MF (www.sharcfm.ca).

Footnotes

  • This article has been peer reviewed.

  • Cet article a fait l’objet d’une révision par des pairs.

  • Contributors

    All the authors participated in the development of the Shared Canadian Curriculum in Family Medicine and contributed to preparing the article for submission.

  • Competing interests

    None declared

  • Copyright© the College of Family Physicians of Canada

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Canadian Family Physician: 63 (4)
Canadian Family Physician
Vol. 63, Issue 4
1 Apr 2017
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Shared Canadian Curriculum in Family Medicine (SHARC-FM)
David A. Keegan, Ian Scott, Michael Sylvester, Amy Tan, Kathleen Horrey, W. Wayne Weston
Canadian Family Physician Apr 2017, 63 (4) e223-e231;

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David A. Keegan, Ian Scott, Michael Sylvester, Amy Tan, Kathleen Horrey, W. Wayne Weston
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