Binns et al,11 2007 | OA | 2002 | 32 (continuous) | USA | NA | 597 176 | General and specific | Clinician | 4 |
Britt et al,17 1996 | SG (physician sex) | 1990–1991 | 2 (per physician, over a 12-mo period) | Australia | NA | 113 468 | General† | Patient and clinician | 5 |
Britt et al,12 2015 | OA | 2014–2015 | NA (up to 100 encounters) | Australia | NA | 98 728 | Specific | Patient and clinician | 5 |
Brueton et al,18 2010 | OA (SG: practice setting) | 2001–2002 | 26 | South Africa | 250 000 | 4383 | General and specific | Patient and clinician | 3 |
Fleming et al,19 2005 | OA (SG: patient sex) | 2001 | 52 (continuous) | England, Wales | 325 850 | NA | Specific | Clinician | 3 |
Harrison et al,20 2011 | SG (physician sex) | 2009–2010 | NA (up to 100 encounters) | Australia | NA | 101 349 | General† | Patient and clinician | 5 |
Mash et al,21 2012 | OA (SG: patient age) | 2010 | 1 (5 d over a 1-y period) | South Africa | 2 780 270 | 18 856 | General and specific | Patient and clinician | 4 |
Ministry of Health,22 2004 | OA (SG: practice type reimbursement, season) | 2001–2002 | 2 (per physician, over an 18-mo period) | NZ | NA | 8258 | General | Clinician | 5 |
Mohan and Nagavi,23 2003 | OA | 2000 | 52 (continuous) | India | NA | NA | Specific | Clinician | 1 |
Murphy et al,24 2015 | OA (SG: patient sex, public vs private payment methods) | 2008–2010 | NA (up to 100 encounters) | Ireland | 503 823 | 16 899 | General | Patient | 3 |
National Center for Health Statistics,25 2017 | OA | 2014 | 52 (1 wk per physician) | USA | NA | 6386 | Specific | Clinician | 5 |
Pace et al,26 2004 | OA (SG: season) | 1995–1998 | 208 (continuous) | USA | NA | 13 149 | Specific† | Clinician | 5 |
Pearson et al,27 1996 | SG (patient sex) | 1994–1995 | 52 (continuous) | England | 65 000 | 4685 | General† | Clinician | 5 |
Probst et al,28 2002 | SG (urban or rural) | 1996–1997 | 104 (continuous) | USA | NA | 19 409 | Specific† | Patient | 5 |
Salvi et al,29 2015 | OA (SG: practice setting) | 2011 | 1 d | India | NA | 204 912 | Specific | Clinician | 2 |
Sayer and Britt,30 1996 | SG (patient sex) OA | 1990–1991 | 2 (per physician, over a 12-mo period) | Australia | NA | 96 144 | General | Patient and clinician | 5 |
Soler et al,31 2012 | OA | 1995–2005 (Neth), 2001–2005 (Malta), and 2003 (Serbia) | 132 (Neth), 60 (Malta), and 12 (Serbia) (all continuous) | Neth, Malta, and Serbia | 15 318 (Neth), 9896 (Malta), 72 673 (Serbia) | 838 896 (Neth), 70 177 (Malta), 207 323 (Serbia) | Specific | Patient | 4 |
Wändell et al,13 2013 | OA | 2009–2011 | 104 (continuous) | Sweden | 1 987 827 | 3 810 843 | Specific | Clinician | 4 |