Laser |
Kassira et al, 201611 | 1 | SM | Face | Fractionated ablative CO2 laser |
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Bakkour and Madan, 201412 | 8 | SM | Chest, back, and axilla | CO2 laser incision and cyst removal with Volkmann spoon |
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Moody et al, 201213 | 1 | SM | Abdomen and lower chest | Targeted laser treatment of the sebaceous glands and dermal cysts |
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Varshney et al, 201114 | 1 | SM | Head and neck | CO2 laser ablation |
Good cosmetic results No recurrence at 18 mo
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Mumcuoğlu et al, 201015 | 1 | SM | Chest, forehead, axillae, and knees | Er:YAG laser and drainage |
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Madan and August, 200916 | 1 | SM | Back, chest, and abdomen | CO2 laser incision and cyst removal with Volkmann spoon |
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Riedel et al,* 200817 | 1 | SM | Forehead and cheeks | Laser and surgical: incision, cyst removal with sharp spoon, followed by CO2 vaporization of remaining content |
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Rossi et al, 200318 | 1 | SM | Forehead, eyelids, and neck | CO2 laser and cyst removal with forceps |
Minimally invasive with quick healing Good cosmetic results with no recurrence at 2 y Can treat multiple lesions without anesthesia
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Krähenbühl et al, 199119 | 1 | SM | Trunk | Focused CO2 laser incision followed by defocused laser therapy of cyst wall |
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Surgical |
Kumar et al, 201420 | 1 | SM | Malar region | Wide local surgical excision |
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Gordon Spratt et al,* 201321 | 1 | SMS | Thigh, buttocks, groin, arms, and legs | Surgical and antimicrobial therapy: incision and drainage followed by topical clindamycin solution and benzoyl peroxide wash |
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Choudhary et al, 20104 | 2 | SM | Scrotum | Incision using a radiofrequency instrument, drainage, and cyst extraction with forceps |
Complete removal and no recurrence at 5.5 mo No scarring or postinflammatory hyperpigmentation Provides a bloodless field Able to treat multiple cysts in 1 sitting
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Lee et al, 200722 | 5 | SM | Not reported | Incision and vein hook cyst removal |
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Ichikawa et al, 200623 | 1 | SM | Face | Forehead flap and cyst extraction |
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Düzova and Șentürk, 200424 | 2 | SM | Face | 22-gauge needle aspiration |
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Kaya et al, 200125 | 1 | SM | Chest, neck, axilla, inguinal folds, and inguinal regions | Puncture with sharp-tipped cautery point, drainage, and cyst removal with forceps |
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Schmook et al, 200126 | 5 | SM | Not reported | Incision, drainage, and cyst wall removal with curette followed by forceps |
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Adams et al, 199927 | 1 | SM | Chest and neck | Incision and cyst removal with small artery forceps |
No visible scarring No recurrence at 4 mo
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Oertel and Scott, 19985 | 3 | SM | Arm, forearm, chest, neck, axilla, and breast | 22-gauge needle aspiration |
No scar formation Minimally invasive Inexpensive procedure
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Pamoukian and Westreich, 199728 | 7 | SM | Head and neck | Incision and cyst removal with mosquito hemostat |
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Kanekura et al, 199529 | 1 | SM | Scalp, forehead, and chest | 3-mm biopsy punch, drainage, and cyst removal with forceps |
Complete removal Wounds healed in 10 d No recurrence at 1 y
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Sato et al, 199330 | 1 | SM | Head, neck, trunk, and upper extremities | Aspiration and scraping with a syringe connected to an 18-gauge needle |
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Keefe et al, 199231 | 1 | SM | Neck, forearms, behind the ears, over the scapula, chest | Surgical blade puncture, drainage, and cyst removal with forceps |
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Feinstein et al, 198332 | 1 | SM | Scalp and forehead | Excision and skin graft |
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Holmes and Black, 198033 | 1 | SM | Face, trunk, and axillae | Hairline flap and cyst extraction |
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Egbert et al, 197934 | 1 | SMS and SM | Entire body surface | Incision, drainage, and electrocautery |
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Medical management |
Lima Santana et al, 201635 | 1 | SMS | Axillary regions, inguinal region, trunk, lower limbs, antecubital fossae, face, and scalp | Isotretinoin |
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Adams and Shwayder, 200836 | 1 | SMS | Face, scalp, trunk, and extremities | Tetracycline |
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Moritz and Silverman, 198837 | 1 | NA | Not reported | Isotretinoin |
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Friedman, 198738 | 1 | SM | Not reported | Isotretinoin |
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Rosen and Brodkin, 198639 | 1 | SMS | Not reported | Isotretinoin |
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Statham and Cunliffe, 198440 | 3 | SMS and SM | Trunk and limbs | Isotretinoin |
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Schwartz and Goldsmith, 198441 | 1 | SMS | Not reported | Isotretinoin |
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Other |
Kamra et al,*20133 | 1 | SM | Chest, breast, axilla, inguinal region, and extremities | Radiofrequency probe and isotretinoin |
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Fekete and Fekete,* 201042 | 1 | SMS and SM | Entire body surface | Cryotherapy and isotretinoin |
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Apaydin et al,* 20009 | 1 | SMS and SM | Entire body surface | Cryotherapy and isotretinoin |
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Notowicz, 198043 | NA | SM | Not reported | Cryotherapy: necrotic tissue and cyst content removed with pressure 3–4 d later |
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