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Research ArticleResearch

Prednisone prescribing for rheumatoid arthritis management in primary care

Mixed-methods study of trends and patient perspectives

Anh N.Q. Pham, Sharon D. Koehn, Neil Drummond, Scott Garrison, Claire E.H. Barber, Doug Klein, Lisa Jasper and C. Allyson Jones
Canadian Family Physician March 2026; 72 (3) 185-193; DOI: https://doi.org/10.46747/cfp.7203185
Anh N.Q. Pham
Epidemiologist and postdoctoral fellow in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, BC.
PhD
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Sharon D. Koehn
Medical anthropologist, research consultant, and research associate at the University of Alberta in Edmonton with an adjunct appointment in the Department of Gerontology at Simon Fraser University.
PhD
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  • For correspondence: skoehn{at}ualberta.ca
Neil Drummond
Epidemiologist and Professor Emeritus in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Alberta, with adjunct appointments in the Departments of Family Medicine and Community Health Sciences at the University of Calgary in Alberta.
PhD
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Scott Garrison
Practising family physician and Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Alberta.
MD PhD
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Claire E.H. Barber
Associate Professor of Medicine and Associate Vice Chair for Planetary Health in the Department of Medicine at the University of Calgary.
MD PhD
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Doug Klein
Family physician and Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at the University of Alberta.
MD MSc FCFP
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Lisa Jasper
Physiotherapist who coordinates the Certificate in Pain Management through the Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, conducts research, and teaches at the University of Alberta.
PT PhD
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C. Allyson Jones
Epidemiologist, practising physiotherapist in primary care, and Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of Alberta.
PT PhD
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Article Figures & Data

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    Figure 1.

    Annual prevalence and mean (95% confidence interval) of prednisone dispensed to patients with rheumatoid arthritis for each year: Linked dataset from 2008 to 2019.

Tables

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    • View popup
    Table 1.

    Characteristics of people living with rheumatoid arthritis: N=33.

    CHARACTERISTICn (%)
    Sex
      • Female30 (91)
      • Male  3 (9)
    Age, y
      • <4010 (30)
      • 40-5911 (33)
      • >6012 (36)
    Region
      • Western Canada23 (70)
      • Eastern Canada10 (30)
    Community size
      • Urban (>100,000)23 (70)
      • Suburban or small city  6 (18)
      • Rural or remote  4 (12)
    Education
      • Postsecondary30 (91)
      • High school or less  3 (9)
    Self-reported economic status
      • “Comfortable”26 (79)
      • “Hard to make ends meet”  7 (21)
    Time since diagnosis, y
      • <213 (39)
      • 3-512 (36)
      • >6  8 (24)
    Time to diagnosis from symptom onset, y
      • <116 (48)
      • 1-5  8 (24)
      • >6  9 (27)
    • View popup
    Table 2.

    Qualitative themes and illustrative examples of prednisone use in rheumatoid arthritis management

    THEMESUBTHEMEILLUSTRATIVE QUOTATION OR EXAMPLE
    Prednisone as a bridge to DMARDsInitial management
    • A: “I was crashing really bad to the point that I didn’t know if I could even keep working, if I had to go on leave, and [my FP] offered me prednisone. And I said no at that point, just because I was 2 weeks away from seeing the rheumatologist.” (Female 01)

    • B: “There was still a lot of pain, especially through the night…. When I went to my GP, I told him and he said, ‘Why don’t we up the dosage a little bit here. Feel free to go higher in the dosage of the prednisone.’ And so I increased the dosage.” (Male 01)

    Emergency care
    • C: “Before I [saw] the rheumatologist, I ended up in [the] emerge[ncy department]. They prescribed prednisone, but just for 5 days.... I got in within 3 weeks, but only because I impressed on them the desperation of my situation. At least the rheumatologist was able to prescribe more prednisone.” (Female 02)

    Concerns and experience with prednisone usePsychological impact
    • D: “The pain got so bad that I was contemplating some bad things, so if this keeps me away from that scenario, I’m gonna do what I have to do.” (Female 03)

    Alternative access
    • E: One patient (Female 04) obtained prednisone without a prescription while abroad when health insurance was unaffordable.

    Long-term use
    • F: “It was that sort of 2-year period, and I was on incredibly high doses of prednisone, like 110 mg. It took 2 years to get off the prednisone. I had to be weaned off it so slowly.” (Female 05, suspected of having polymyalgia before RA diagnosed)

    • G: “It was about a year [to get to a rheumatologist from the FP]. And so first [the FP] put me on prednisone. And that was really good. But I really was concerned about staying on prednisone and then by the time I had come off, you have to come off of it gradually, I then saw the rheumatologist.” (Female 06)

    Systemic issues and access to careWait times
    • H: “I don’t feel great about giving prednisone for long-term because we know there’s risks to that too, so we’re trying to balance the risks and benefits.” (FP1, FG1)

    Triage challenges
    • I: “I just recently had a new diagnosis of RA with, ‘light up like a Christmas tree’ markers and I was really quite disappointed in my access to rheum[atology]. I sent an urgent referral, I followed up with a phone call, said please put this in front of your triaging physician they’re going to want to see them quickly.… Their waitlist was 6 to 8 months. I picked up the phone again and said, ‘No, I’m sorry,’ and had to go through ConnectMD to speak to the rheumatologist. [I] said, ‘Forgive me if I’m wrong, but these are the people you want to see.’ He replied, ‘No, absolutely we need to see this person within a few weeks!’” (FP2, FG2)

    Specialist Link
    • J: “It was going to be 2 months before [my patient] was seen [by a rheumatologist] and she was not functioning, and could not take care of herself at home, so I gave her a week of prednisone.… [After which] she was feeling better, but the next week she had a flare of her symptoms again, so I called Specialist Link and asked them for some advice and … they gave me some instructions about starting Plaquenil until she was seen.” (FP3, FG1)

    • DMARD—disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, FG—focus group, FP—family physician, GP—general practitioner, RA—rheumatoid arthritis.

    • View popup
    Table 3.

    Characteristics of patients dispensed prednisone and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: N=546.

    TREATMENT CATEGORY*PREDNISONE STOPPED WITHIN 1 YEAR OF DMARD INITIATIONPREDNISONE CONTINUED AFTER 1 YEAR OF DMARD INITIATIONDMARD ONLYPREDNISONE ONLYNEITHER DMARD NOR PREDNISONE
    No. (%)71
    (13)
    139
    (25)
    149
    (27)
    48
    (9)
    139
    (25)
    Female:male, n (% of treatment group†‡)54:17
    (76:24)
    101:28
    (73:27)
    108:41
    (72:28)
    34:24
    (59:41)
    89:50
    (64:36)
    Age, y, mean (SD)60
    (15)
    65
    (15)
    61
    (16)
    59
    (17)
    58
    (16)
    Deprivation category, n (%)§
      • 131
    (43)
    45
    (32)
    56
    (38)
    12
    (25)
    43
    (31)
      • 2-331
    (43)
    59
    (42)
    62
    (42)
    7
    (15)
    58
    (42)
      • 4-50
    (0)
    24
    (17)
    19
    (13)
    5
    (10)
    31
    (22)
    RDCI, median (IQR)2
    (1-3)
    2
    (1-3)
    1
    (0-2)
    2
    (1-3)
    1
    (0-2)
    Asthma and-or COPD10
    (14)
    24
    (17)
    20
    (13)
    13
    (27)
    24
    (17)
    No. of visits, median (IQR)  51
    (33-86)
      45
    (21-84)
      41
    (21-71)
      44
    (24-76)
      41
    (22-67)
    Duration in primary care, y, mean (SD)8
    (4)
    7
    (5)
    7
    (4)
    6
    (4)
    7
    (4)
    Academic clinic, n (%)42
    (59)
    88
    (63)
    86
    (56)
    18
    (38)
    139
    (47)
    • COPD—chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, DMARD—disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, IQR—interquartile range, RDCI—Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index, SD—standard deviation.

    • ↵* Treatment categories reflect presence or absence of medications in the Pharmaceutical Information Network records over the entire study period.

    • ↵† Statistical comparisons between treatment groups revealed no significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics (P>.05 for all comparisons).

    • ↵‡ Numbers might not add up to 100% owing to missing data.

    • ↵§ Deprivation categories are based on material deprivation indices by postal code. People living in level 5 areas are likely to be the most disadvantaged in terms of access to income, education, employment, housing, and essential services.

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Prednisone prescribing for rheumatoid arthritis management in primary care
Anh N.Q. Pham, Sharon D. Koehn, Neil Drummond, Scott Garrison, Claire E.H. Barber, Doug Klein, Lisa Jasper, C. Allyson Jones
Canadian Family Physician Mar 2026, 72 (3) 185-193; DOI: 10.46747/cfp.7203185

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Prednisone prescribing for rheumatoid arthritis management in primary care
Anh N.Q. Pham, Sharon D. Koehn, Neil Drummond, Scott Garrison, Claire E.H. Barber, Doug Klein, Lisa Jasper, C. Allyson Jones
Canadian Family Physician Mar 2026, 72 (3) 185-193; DOI: 10.46747/cfp.7203185
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