FACTORS | MODIFIERS |
---|---|
Symptoms | Number Duration (> 10 d) Severity |
Signs | Prolonged LOC (> 1 min) |
Sequelae | Postconcussive convulsions |
Temporal | Frequency (ie, repeated concussions over time) Timing (ie, injuries close together in time) Recency (ie, recent concussion or traumatic brain injury) |
Threshold | Repeated concussions occurring with progressively less impact force or slower recovery after each successive concussion |
Age | Child and adolescent (< 18 y) |
Comorbidities and premorbidities | Migraine Depression or other mental health disorders ADHD Learning disabilities Sleep disorders |
Medication | Psychoactive drugs Anticoagulants |
Behaviour | Dangerous style of play |
Sport | High-risk activity Contact-and-collision sport High sporting level |
ADHD—attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, LOC—loss of consciousness.
Adapted from McCrory et al.10