CONDITION | CLINICAL PRESENTATION | MANAGEMENT | UNDERLYING FACTORS |
---|---|---|---|
Brittle nail syndrome5-8 | Onychoschizia
Onychorrhexis
| Identify and correct any underlying factors Recommend
| Repetitive wetting and drying cycles, trauma, cosmetics, systemic and dermatologic diseases |
Onychauxis1,2,9 | Discoloration, loss of nail plate translucency, subungual hyperkeratosis | Periodic debridement | Advancing age, faulty biomechanics |
Onychoclavus1,2 | Tender dark area usually under the distal nail plate of the great toe | Surgical removal of hyperkeratotic tissue Correct any underlying bony abnormality | Chronic minor trauma, bony abnormalities |
Onychomycosis1,2,10-16 | DLSO
Superficial onychomycosis
| Recommend
Generally, low success rate in the elderly | Dermatophytes, yeasts, or nondermatophyte molds |
Paronychia1,2,17 | Acute
Chronic
| Acute
Chronic
| Acute
Chronic
|
Onychocryptosis1,2,18 | Lateral nail fold inflammation, granulation tissue, secondary infection | Conservative management Partial nail avulsion and lateral matricectomy | Improper nail cutting, prominent nail folds, inappropriate shoes, bony abnormalities |
Subungual hematomas1,2 | Painful red to bluish subungual discoloration that tends to move forward | Rule out melanoma Observation In acute painful cases, drill a hole in the nail plate | Usually trauma |
DLSO—distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis, PSO—proximal subungual onychomycosis, TDO—total dystrophic onychomycosis.