FEATURE | POSITIVE LIKELIHOOD RATIO | NEGATIVE LIKELIHOOD RATIO |
---|---|---|
Symptoms | ||
• Earache | 7.3 | 0.4 |
• Cough | 1.0 | 1.0 |
• Rhinitis | 1.0 | 0.5 |
• Fever | 0.9 | 1.3 |
• Diarrhea or vomiting | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Signs | ||
• Red TM | 1.1 | 1.0 |
• Very red TM | 1.6 | 1.0 |
• Cloudy TM | 16.2 | 0.2 |
• Bulging TM | 20.3 | 0.4 |
• Retracted TM | 0.8 | 1.0 |
• Reduced TM mobility | 4.7 | 0.1 |
AOM—acute otitis media, TM—tympanic membrane.
Data from Hayden and Schwartz,6 Kontiokari et al,7 Heikkinen and Ruuskonen,8 and Uhari et al.9