Table 1

Stent complications

COMPLICATIONFREQUENCY, %
Tumour ingrowth2
Fistula (rectovesical)0.8
Bowel perforation (from guide wire, pressure necrosis, balloon dilation, chemotaxis assay)3.76–5.6
Biliary obstruction50
Stent migration (post–chemotaxis assay)3–14
Stent dysfunction (failure to cross stricture, failure to open)3.8
Bleeding< 5
Recurrent obstruction10
Mortality0–49,13

  • Data from Mosler et al11 and Ronnekleiv-Kelly and Kennedy.12