General characteristics of participants, by anxiety or depression status: Of 1615 participants, 269 (16.7%) reported having anxiety or depression and 1346 (83.3%) reported not having anxiety or depression.
| VARIABLE | OVERALL, N (%)*† | PARTICIPANTS WITHOUT ANXIETY OR DEPRESSION, N (%)† | PARTICIPANTS WITH ANXIETY OR DEPRESSION, N (%)† | P VALUE‡ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| • Male | 729 (45.1) | 644 (47.9) | 85 (31.6) | < .001 |
| • Female | 886 (54.9) | 702 (52.2) | 184 (68.4) | |
| Age group, y | ||||
| • 18–24 | 43 (2.7) | 38 (2.8) | 5 (1.9) | .006 |
| • 25–44 | 398 (24.6) | 323 (24.0) | 75 (27.9) | |
| • 45–64 | 755 (46.8) | 614 (45.6) | 141 (52.4) | |
| • ≥ 65 | 419 (25.9) | 371 (27.6) | 48 (17.8) | |
| Education level | ||||
| • Grade school or high school | 252 (15.7) | 211 (15.7) | 41 (15.5) | .944 |
| • High school diploma | 344 (21.4) | 289 (21.6) | 55 (20.8) | |
| • Postsecondary | 1010 (62.9) | 841 (62.7) | 169 (63.8) | |
| Income, $ | ||||
| • < 30 000 | 279 (20.0) | 204 (17.6) | 75 (31.3) | < .001 |
| • 30 000–60 000 | 377 (27.0) | 307 (26.5) | 70 (29.2) | |
| • 60 000–100 000 | 380 (27.1) | 324 (28.0) | 56 (23.3) | |
| • > 100 000 | 362 (25.9) | 323 (27.9) | 39 (16.3) | |
| Multimorbidity | ||||
| • ≤ 1 chronic condition | 747 (46.3) | 679 (50.5) | 68 (25.3) | < .001 |
| • ≥ 2 chronic conditions | 868 (53.8) | 667 (49.6) | 201 (74.7) | |
| ED visit during the past year | ||||
| • Yes | 554 (34.5) | 431 (32.2) | 123 (46.1) | < .001 |
| • No | 1050 (65.5) | 906 (67.8) | 144 (53.9) | |
| Hospitalization during the past year | ||||
| • Yes | 254 (15.8) | 195 (14.5) | 59 (22.0) | .002 |
| • No | 1358 (84.2) | 1149 (85.5) | 209 (78.0) | |
| Having seen a health care professional (ie, nurse or dietitian) during the past year | ||||
| • Yes | 231 (15.7) | 188 (15.4) | 43 (17.1) | .515 |
| • No | 1240 (84.3) | 1031 (84.6) | 209 (82.9) | |
| HPC item 1 (diet counseling by FP) | ||||
| • Yes | 731 (53.1) | 609 (53.5) | 122 (51.5) | .535 |
| • No | 646 (46.9) | 530 (46.5) | 116 (48.7) | |
| HPC item 2 (exercise counseling by FP) | ||||
| • Yes | 851 (61.5) | 704 (61.5) | 147 (61.3) | .933 |
| • No | 533 (38.5) | 440 (38.5) | 93 (38.8) | |
| HPC item 3 (needing physician’s help in making health changes) | ||||
| • Yes | 677 (49.3) | 518 (45.8) | 159 (66.3) | < .001 |
| • No | 695 (50.7) | 614 (54.2) | 81 (33.8) | |
| HPC item 4 (encouraged by FP to talk about health concerns) | ||||
| • Yes | 911 (66.0) | 759 (66.5) | 152 (63.6) | .386 |
| • No | 469 (34.0) | 382 (33.5) | 87 (36.4) |