Maternal characteristics and outcomes
| CHARACTERISTICS | A: EXPOSED TO BUPRENORPHINE-NALOXONE (N = 30) | B: EXPOSED TO OTHER OPIOIDS (N = 134) | P VALUE (A–B) | C: NOT EXPOSED TO OPIOIDS (N = 476) | P VALUE (A–C) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) age, y | 26.1 (4.03) | 25.4 (4.56) | .442 | 24.9 (6.17) | .296 |
| Mean (SD) gravidity | 4.4 (2.50) | 3.9 (2.03) | .240 | 3.2 (2.22) | .004 |
| Mean (SD) time taking buprenorphinenaloxone, wk | 18.8 (11.20) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Initial mean (SD) dose of buprenorphinenaloxone, mg | 9.2 (6.20) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Smoker, n (%) | 25 (83.3) | 113 (84.3) | .893 | 229 (48.1) | < .001 |
| Alcohol use, n (%) | 6 (20.0) | 32 (23.9) | .649 | 98 (20.6) | .938 |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 2 (6.7) | 3 (2.2) | .227 | 14 (2.9) | .244 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 3 (10.0) | 8 (6.0) | .424 | 29 (6.1) | .426 |
| Hepatitis C, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 7 (5.2) | 1 (0.2) | .115 | |
| History of marijuana use, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 49 (36.6) | .014 | 46 (9.7) | .514 |
| Urine positive for THC, n (%) | 4 (13.3) | 35 (26.1) | .137 | 28 (5.9) | .104 |
| Gestational diabetes, n (%) | 3 (10.0) | 13 (9.7) | .960 | 42 (8.8) | .742 |
| Mean (SD) gestational age, wk | 38.9 (1.48) | 38.6 (1.60) | .348 | 38.9 (1.52) | > .999 |
| Cesarean section, n (%) | 5 (16.7) | 35 (26.1) | .276 | 120 (25.2) | .293 |
| Postpartum hemorrhage, n (%) | 3 (10.0) | 10 (7.5) | .708 | 44 (9.2) | .752 |
| Mean (SD) LOS, d | 3.0 (1.63) | 2.7 (1.71) | .382 | 1.9 (1.13) | < .001 |
| Out-of-hospital delivery, n (%) | 1 (3.3) | 3 (2.2) | .558 | 10 (2.1) | .493 |
LOS—length of stay, NA—not applicable, THC—tetrahydrocannabinol.