| Trauma awareness and acknowledgment |
Be aware of the prevalence and effect of trauma on substance use, and physical and mental health, and ensure that all staff members understand how trauma affects life’s experiences Recognize the effect of violence and abuse on a patient’s development and coping strategies Recognize the pervasiveness and long-term effects of violence and abuse
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| Safety and trustworthiness |
Help patients feel they are in a safe place Recognize the need for physical and emotional safety Avoid interventions that might trigger or retraumatize a patient Design services that maximize access and participation by trauma survivors (including flexibility in scheduling) Consider cultural competence with respect to a person’s context (eg, financial instability) and life experiences
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| Choice, control, and collaboration |
Include patients in decisions affecting treatment Develop a collaborative relationship Involve service users when designing and evaluating services
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| Strengths-based and skills-building care |
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| Cultural, historical, and gender issues |
Incorporate processes that are sensitive to a patient’s culture, ethnicity, and personal and social identity, as well as to his or her experience with trauma associated with group marginalization
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