Medications and other substances that can contribute to insomnia
| CLASS | MEDICATION OR SUBSTANCE |
|---|---|
| Psychiatric | Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors Psychostimulants: methylphenidate, modafinil Cholinesterase inhibitors (eg, donepezil) |
| Cardiovascular | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, α-blockers, angiotensin receptor blockers, β-blockers, calcium channel blockers, statins |
| Respiratory | Bronchodilators (eg, salbutamol), theophylline |
| Neurologic | Dopaminergic agonists (eg, levodopa) |
| Gastrointestinal | Histamine-2 blockers: ranitidine, cimetidine |
| Analgesics | Opioids (chronic use) |
| Others | Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, glucocorticoids |