Table 3.

Predictors of severity of depression assessed by stepwise multiple regression model: R2 = 0.393, adjusted R2 = 0.344, F = 8.078; P < .001.

DEPENDENT VARIABLE: PHQ-9 SCOREβSEtP VALUE*
Block 1 included
  • Gender (man, woman)2.1130.9972.119.036
Block 2 included
  • Safety (no, yes)-1.7880.390-4.578< .001
  • Food security (no, yes)-1.5970.5602.850.005
  • Access to clean drinking water (no, yes)-3.3272.3571.411.100
  • Housing satisfaction (no, yes)-2.0651.220-1.693.093
  • Structured time (< 2 h/wk, > 2 h/wk)-2.5300.560-4.52< .001
  • Participation in usual activities (no, yes)-1.2160.4472.720.007
  • Part of the community (no, yes)-1.7160.526-3.331.001
Block 1 variables excluded
  • Age (< 40 y vs ≥ 40 y)-0.5441.496-0.364.171
  • Ethnicity (Indigenous vs other)0.3701.5540.238.812
  • Employment status (no, yes)0.4971.5081.387.742
  • PHQ-9—Patient Health Questionnaire–9, SE—standard error.

  • *Threshold for significance is P < .05.

  • Gender was treated as a binary variable because the study was insufficiently powered to include the category of other.

  • Although these values are not statistically significant, we determined the variables were clinically significant.