Table 1.

Teaching preventive health care: Themes and concepts in sequence.

THEMES	CONCEPTS (NOT A COMPLETE LIST)	ARTICLES
1. Epidemiology and complexity in primary care Subthemes: Ecology of medical care Lower prevalence of serious disease Lower test accuracy in early stages of disease Variability of disease progression	Complex adaptive environment of primary care Natural history of disease and the heterogeneity of its progression Implications of overdiagnosis (eg, as an outcome of the hunt for cancer) Risk variation in different populations	Better decision making in preventive health screening. Balancing benefits and harms¹⁰ Overdiagnosis: causes and consequences in primary health care¹¹
2. Measures of outcome and effect size Subthemes: Quantitative information on benefits and harms of preventive interventions Quality of evidence Resolving conflicts in evidence or guidelines	Magnitude of benefits and harms— measures of outcome and effect size (eg, change in absolute risk of an outcome, not only relative risk) Lead time and length time bias (eg, 5-year survival as an outcome is a misuse of a measure in screening for disease) GRADE framework for guideline recommendations Tools for critical thinking on guidelines (eg, G-TRUST)	Understanding and communicating risk. Measures of outcome and the magnitude of benefits and harms¹² Update on task force terminology and outreach activities. Advancing guideline usability for the Canadian primary care context¹³ Choosing guidelines to use in your practice¹⁴ Screening: when things go wrong¹⁵ Preventive health care and the media¹⁶
3. Doctor-patient communication Subthemes: SDM: What is it? When and when not to engage Evaluation and implementation of knowledge translation tools	Implications of conditional guideline recommendations for decision making Effective methods of communicating harms to patients Components of SDM: risk communication and values clarification Choosing and using KT tools	Shared decision making in preventive health care. What it is; what it is not¹⁷ Eliciting patient values and preferences to inform shared decision making in preventive screening¹⁸ Patient perspectives. Exploring patient values and preferences¹⁹ To share or not to share. When is shared decision making the best option?²⁰ Teaching shared decision making. An essential competency²¹ Knowledge translation tools in preventive health care²²
4. Organization and evaluation of preventive care Subthemes: Efficiency of the process Quality of the process	Practice organization to support effective preventive care Assessment of quality of preventive health care in primary care practice setting Evaluation and choice of measures of quality of care in screening Interpretation of quality measures in physician practice settings	Practice organization for preventive screening²³ Quality of the screening process. An overlooked critical factor and an essential component of shared decision making about screening²⁴ Measuring what really matters. Screening in primary care²⁵
5. Screening wisely Subtheme: Overscreening	How patient circumstances influence decision making (eg, start and stop ages) Patient perception of risk versus actual risk Resource use in preventive screening	Age to stop? Appropriate screening in older patients²⁶ Periodic preventive health visits: a more appropriate approach to delivering preventive services²⁷ Rethinking screening during and after COVID-19. Should things ever be the same again?²⁸ Too soon or too late? Choosing the right screening test intervals²⁹
6. Adaptation for special populations Subtheme: Adaptation of screening recommendations to specific patients	The importance of context	Improving preventive screening with Indigenous peoples³⁰ Preventive screening in women who have sex with women³¹

GRADE—Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation; G-TRUST—Guideline Trustworthiness, Relevance, and Utility Scoring Tool; KT—knowledge translation; SDM—shared decision making.