Potential outflow vein complications and associated examination findings
| OUTFLOW VEIN COMPLICATION | EXAMINATION FINDINGS |
|---|---|
| Arterial inflow stenosis or nonmaturing outflow vein | Will present as a small-calibre outflow vein with a weak or absent thrill |
| Venous outflow stenosis (involving either the outflow vein or the central veins) | Will present as a hyperpulsatile outflow vein upstream to the obstruction with loss or a change in character of the thrill. Additionally, the outflow vein will be noncollapsing on arm elevation |
| Thrombosis of the outflow vein | Will present as an indurated, noncompressible, tender outflow vein with no thrill |
| Aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms of the outflow vein | Will present as focal dilatations of the outflow vein. These dilatations may be associated with cannulation sites but alternatively may be a consequence of venous outflow stenosis |