Introduction
Toward a critical medical anthropology

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References (23)

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  • Cited by (117)

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      Anthropology provides a holistic view of human experience, and anthropological approaches to health and disease have always emphasized the importance of social, economic, ecological, and cultural contexts and how these interact with human biology (Dimka et al., 2022). Evidence of this holism is seen in the anthropological relevance of disease ecology (Brown et al., 1990; Inhorn and Brown, 1990), biocultural anthropology (Singer, 2015; Wiley and Cullin, 2016; Zuckerman and Martin, 2016), the One World + One Health approach (Brown and Nading, 2019; Craddock and Hinchliffe, 2015; Woldehanna and Zimicki, 2015; Wolf, 2015), Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) (Gluckman et al., 2005, 2010, 2008; Gowland, 2015), and critical medical anthropology (Baer et al., 1986; Goodman and Leatherman, 1998; Leatherman and Goodman, 2020, 1997; Singer and Baer, 1995). Despite the apparent interconnectedness of these approaches, in many ways they have been siloed rather than integrated in the anthropological study of disease both past and present (Dimka et al., 2022; Leatherman and Goodman, 2020; Singer, 2015).

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      Finally, I declare that I have no significant competing financial, professional or personal interests that might have influenced the performance or presentation of the work described in this manuscript. The theoretical framework to structure this study is critical medical anthropology, due to its basis in social unequal distribution of power as principal determinants for achieving adequate health care and access (Baer, Singer, and Johnsen, 1986, Morgan, 1987, Soheir, 2022). Within this framework, the study of health conditions and their care does not place the methodological focus on the subject, as is the case in biomedicine.

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      This study applies a Critical medical anthropology (CMA) lens. CMA emerged in the 1980s (Baer et al., 1986) as a critique of traditional medical anthropology's tendency to take Western medicine (biomedicine) at face value and act as a “cultural translator”, to increase adherence to recommended behaviors (Newnham et al., 2016: 2). CMA aims to make visible normalized/accepted power relationships, by applying a reflexive, critical stance to examine the links between individual perceptions and experiences and the broader social, political and economic context and dominant biomedical discourses and knowledge (Singer and Baer, 1995).

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