Effect of Momordica charantia on the glucose tolerance in maturity onset diabetes

doi:10.1016/0378-8741(86)90116-9

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Volume 17, Issue 3, September 1986, Pages 277-282

https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90116-9 Get rights and content

Abstract

Investigations were carried out to evaluate the effect of Momordica charantia on the glucose tolerance of maturity onset diabetic patients. The fruit juice of M. charantia was found to significantly improve the glucose tolerance of 73% of the patients investigated while the other 27% failed to respond.

References (10)

M. Aslam et al.
Interaction between curry ingredients and drug (Chlorpropamide)
Lancet
(1979)
E.H. Karunanayake et al.
Oral hypoglycaemic activity of some medicinal plants of Sri Lanka
Journal of Ethnopharmacology
(1984)
M.S. Akhtar et al.
Effect of Momordica charantia on blood glucose levels of normal and Alloxan diabetic rabbits
Planta Medica
(1981)
M.S. Akhtar
Trial of Momordica charantia Linn, (karela) powder in patients with maturity onset diabetes
Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
(1982)
V.S. Baldwa et al.
Clinical trial with patients with Diabetes mellitus of an insulin like compound obtained from a plant source
Uppsala Journal of Medical Science
(1977)

There are more references available in the full text version of this article.

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Effectiveness of different combinations of urea and vermicompost on yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)
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Exclusive use of organic manure in bitter gourd cultivation slows nutrient release, affecting root growth, while inefficient application of fertilizers during transplanting and development stages leads to nutrient losses and increased production costs. The research aimed to evaluate the efficiency of different combinations of urea and vermicompost in bitter gourd production and address the challenges associated with the use of only organic manure. The field experiment conducted in Tulsipur, Dang, utilized a six-treatment randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of varying proportions of the recommended dose of urea (16 g plant⁻¹) and vermicompost (280 g plant⁻¹). Among the treatments, T3 (50% urea and 50% vermicompost) exhibited the most prevalent diameter (3.854 cm), length (16.32 cm), fruit count (1.391), weight plant⁻¹ (189.2 g), and weight plot⁻¹ (1848 g) while T4 (25% urea and 75% vermicompost) showed the quickest first flowering (30.37 days) and fruiting (33.75 days). T2 (75% urea and 25% vermicompost) recorded the highest vine length (222.5 cm). Statistically significant differences were observed in most recorded characteristics for T3. The results highlight the slow-release nutrient benefits and soil improvement properties of vermicompost, complemented by the quick-release nutrient attributes of urea. The traits with the lowest yield were observed in the control group (T6). A 50% combination of recommended urea dose and vermicompost is recommended for bitter gourd cultivation, leading to improved growth, yield, and quality, underscoring the benefits of organic fertilizer in this situation. The study's findings contribute to the scientific understanding of optimizing fertilization practices in bitter gourd production, minimizing production costs, reducing nutrient losses, and environmental pollution.
Plant Poisons, Hallucinogens, and Traditional Medicines
2023, Manson's Tropical Diseases, Fourth Edition
Since the earliest times people have used plants as sources of chemicals, for therapeutic purposes, for recreational purposes (for stimulant, aphrodisiac, or hallucinogenic effects), for culinary purposes, and for poisoning. In this chapter, I review the actions, uses, and adverse effects of a wide range of plants and substances found in them, and adverse reactions to them. The text is organized under the following headings: (a) the names of plants or their chief constituents (alcohol, Argemone mexicana, colchicine, cyanogenic glycosides, ergot, grayanotoxins) and (b) syndromic effects (allergic reactions, cardiotoxicity, gastroenteritis, haemotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, including parasympathetic nervous system effects, and psychotropic effects from substances in plants, including ayahuasca, betel and betel nuts, cannabis, coca, ibogaine, kava, khat, nicotine, opium alkaloids and their derivatives, and psilocybin). I also discuss frequency of exposure to plant poisons, adulteration of herbal products, drug–herb interactions, and the management of poisoning. I do not restrict discussion to plants that are found only in tropical areas, since many toxic plants are found in many locations worldwide. Nor do I discuss the many studies that have been carried out examining the possible roles of plants as therapeutic agents, often in conditions that they themselves have sometimes been implicated in causing. I do not discuss animal studies.
A detailed review on the phytochemical profiles and anti-diabetic mechanisms of Momordica charantia
2022, Heliyon
Diabetes mellitus is the most well-known endocrine dilemma suffered by hundreds of million people globally, with an annual mortality of more than one million people. This high mortality rate highlights the need for in-depth study of anti-diabetic agents. This review explores the phytochemical contents and anti-diabetic mechanisms of M. charantia (cucurbitaceae). Studies show that M. charantia contains several phytochemicals that have hypoglycemic effects, thus, the plant may be effective in the treatment/management of diabetes mellitus. Also, the biochemical and physiological basis of M. charantia anti-diabetic actions is explained. M. charantia exhibits its anti-diabetic effects via the suppression of MAPKs and NF-κβin pancreatic cells, promoting glucose and fatty acids catabolism, stimulating fatty acids absorption, inducing insulin production, ameliorating insulin resistance, activating AMPK pathway, and inhibiting glucose metabolism enzymes (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate and glucose-6-phosphatase). Reviewed literature was obtained from credible sources such as PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science.
A characterized saponin-rich fraction of Momordica charantia shows antidiabetic activity in C57BLK/6 mice fed a high fat diet
2021, Phytomedicine Plus
Diabetes is a complex and widespread disease, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) diagnoses continue to climb throughout the world. Traditional herbal medicine is used for many health conditions, and Momordica charantia is the most commonly used plant around the world in treating diabetes. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the well-established hypoglycemic activity of M. charantia is due to the saponin-induced stimulation of insulin secretion, resulting in normalization of glucose metabolism. In addition, we investigate whether saponins support the proliferation of pancreatic β-cells.
Study Design and Methods: To test this, C57BLK/6 mice were fed a low or high fat diet. Either a crude extract or saponin rich fraction (SRF) of M. charantia or vehicle was orally administered daily for 4 weeks.
The SRF lowered fasting glucose concentrations, and both the crude extract and SRF improved glucose tolerance. The SRF did not impact β-cell mass, when compared to other treatment groups.
In conclusion, our study suggests that saponins are responsible for all, or part, of the hypoglycemic effect and insulin secretory activity reported in M. charantia fruit.
Medicinal plants utilized in Thai Traditional Medicine for diabetes treatment: Ethnobotanical surveys, scientific evidence and phytochemicals
2020, Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Diabetes mellitus remains the most lethal metabolic disease of contemporaneous times and despite the therapeutic arsenal currently available, research on new antidiabetic agents remains a priority. In recent years, the revitalization of Thai Traditional Medicine (TTM) became a clear priority for the Thai government, and many efforts have been undertaken to accelerate research on herbal medicines and their use in medical services in various hospitals. Additionally, and particularly in rural areas, treatment of diabetes and associated symptomatology frequently relies on herbal preparations recommended by practitioners of TTM. In the current work, medicinal plants used in Thailand for treating diabetes, as well as their hypoglycaemic pharmacological evidences and potential therapeutic use for diabetes-related complications were reviewed.
Ethnopharmacological information on the plant materials used in TTM for diabetes treatment was collected through literature search in a range of scientific databases using the search terms: diabetes, folk medicine, Thailand medicinal plants, traditional medicine. Information regarding scientific evidence on the antidiabetic effects of surveyed species was obtained considering not only the most common taxonomic designation, but also taxonomic synonyms, and including the keywords ‘diabetes’ and ‘hypoglycaemic effect’.
A total of 183 species known to be used for diabetes management in TTM were reviewed, with 30% of them still lacking experimental evidences to support claims regarding the mechanisms and phytochemicals underlying their antidiabetic properties. Moreover, a total of 46 bioactives displaying effective antidiabetic effects have been isolated from 24 species, their underlying mechanism(s) of action being fully or partially disclosed.
We deliver the most extensive survey dealing with the ethnomedicinal knowledge of Thai medicinal plants utilized on diabetes management. We are certain that the current review will spark further research on Thai plants for the development of new standardized phytomedicines through drug discovery programmes.
Momordica charantia (bitter melon) modulates adipose tissue inflammasome gene expression and adipose-gut inflammatory cross talk in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice
2019, Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
Citation Excerpt :
Several animal studies have demonstrated the antiobesity, antidiabetic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of BM regardless of different varieties of BM, differences in the levels of BM dosages, duration of treatment, animal models as well as the formulation of HFD diet [24,26–29,31,56–58,127,128]. Encouraging preclinical studies further corroborate antidiabetic properties of BM in humans [26,31,129–131]. Since inflammasomes are critical mediators of inflammation during obesity and insulin resistance [11,15,19], our study is the first to indicate that antiobesity and antidiabetic effects of freeze-dried BM juice may be associated with its capacity to inhibit mRNA expression of components of inflammasome, several NOD receptors and their downstream signaling targets.
Systemic and tissue-specific inflammation has a profound influence on regulation of metabolism, and therefore, strategies to reduce inflammation are of special interest in prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Antiobesity and antidiabetic properties of Momordica charantia (bitter melon, BM) have been linked to its protective effects on inflammation and gut microbial dysbiosis. We investigated the mechanisms by which freeze-dried BM juice reduces adipose inflammation in mice fed a 60% high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Although earlier studies indicated that BM inhibited recruitment of macrophages (Mφ) infiltration in adipose tissue of rodents and reduced NF-kB and IL-1β secretions, the mechanisms remain unknown. We demonstrate that freeze-dried BM juice inhibits recruitment of Mφ into adipose tissue and its polarization to inflammatory phenotype possibly due to reduction of sphingokinase 1 (SPK1) mRNA in HFD-fed mice. Furthermore, reduction of IL-1β secretion by freeze-dried BM juice in the adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice is correlated to alleviation of NLRP3 inflammasome components and their downstream signaling targets. We confirm previous observations that BM inhibited inflammation of colon and gut microbial dysbiosis in HFD-fed mice, which in part may be associated with the observed anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue if HFD-fed mice. Overall, functional foods such as BM may offer potential dietary interventions that may impact sterile inflammatory diseases such as obesity and T2D.

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Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Abstract

References (10)

Interaction between curry ingredients and drug (Chlorpropamide)

Lancet

Oral hypoglycaemic activity of some medicinal plants of Sri Lanka

Journal of Ethnopharmacology

Effect of Momordica charantia on blood glucose levels of normal and Alloxan diabetic rabbits

Planta Medica

Trial of Momordica charantia Linn, (karela) powder in patients with maturity onset diabetes

Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association

Clinical trial with patients with Diabetes mellitus of an insulin like compound obtained from a plant source

Uppsala Journal of Medical Science

Cited by (191)

Effectiveness of different combinations of urea and vermicompost on yield of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia)

Plant Poisons, Hallucinogens, and Traditional Medicines

A detailed review on the phytochemical profiles and anti-diabetic mechanisms of Momordica charantia

A characterized saponin-rich fraction of Momordica charantia shows antidiabetic activity in C57BLK/6 mice fed a high fat diet

Medicinal plants utilized in Thai Traditional Medicine for diabetes treatment: Ethnobotanical surveys, scientific evidence and phytochemicals

Momordica charantia (bitter melon) modulates adipose tissue inflammasome gene expression and adipose-gut inflammatory cross talk in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice