Cinnamon extract and polyphenols affect the expression of tristetraprolin, insulin receptor, and glucose transporter 4 in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Section snippets
Cinnamon extract and polyphenols
Water-soluble CE was prepared as described previously [8] with modifications. Briefly, ground cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmannii) was suspended in 0.1 N acetic acid. The suspension was autoclaved for 15 min at 15 psi and the supernatant was mixed with four volumes of absolute ethanol and refrigerated overnight. The mixture was filtered through glass wool and then Whatman No. 1 filter paper. The ethanol was removed by rotoevaporation and the remaining solution was freeze-dried. The dried CE was
Effect of cinnamon extract and polyphenols on the protein levels of insulin receptor β
We first examined the steady state levels of IRβ following initial serum starvation using IRβ-specific antibodies. Immunoblotting showed that IRβ protein levels were similar in adipocytes harvested in all of the time points tested, from 30 min to 3 h beyond the initial serum starvation, as well as the controls using 0.01–1% of DMSO treatments (data not shown), suggesting that the amount of IRβ protein was quite constant in mouse 3T3-L1 adipocytes under these experimental conditions.
Discussion
Plants have been used for the treatment of diabetes since 1550 BC [2]. In search for plant products for diabetic prevention and cure, we and others have shown that common spices (cinnamon, cloves, turmeric, and bay leaves) and tea display insulin-like activity in vitro. We have demonstrated that cinnamon improves glucose and lipid profiles of people with type 2 diabetes [15], and that cinnamon exhibits insulin-like activity in cells, animals and people with type 2 diabetes [8], [9], [10], [11],
Acknowledgments
We greatly appreciate Dr. Perry J. Blackshear (NIH/NIEHS) for his generous support of the experiments related to TTP and Dr. Harry Dawson for designing the IR and GLUT4 primers and probes. We also thank Meghan Kelly and Noella Bryden for technical assistance, Drs. Joseph Urban, Norberta Schoene, John Striffler, and Allen Smith for valuable discussions and helpful comments on the manuscript. This work was supported in part by USDA-ARS Human Nutrition Research Program and PhytoMedical
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