Thromb Haemost 2010; 104(01): 45-48
DOI: 10.1160/TH09-11-0757
Clinical Focus
Schattauer GmbH

The CHADS2 score for stroke risk stratification in atrial fibrillation – friend or foe?

Ganesan Karthikeyan
1   Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
,
John W. Eikelboom
2   Thrombosis Services, Hamilton General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 06 November 2009

Accepted after major revision: 09 February 2010

Publication Date:
23 November 2017 (online)

 
  • References

  • 1 The Stroke Risk in Atrial Fibrillation Working Group Independent predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: A systematic review. Neurology 2007; 69: 546-554.
  • 2 Hart RG, Pearce LA, Aguilar I M. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to pre-vent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146: 857-867.
  • 3 van Walraven C, Hart RG, Singer DE. et al Oral anticoagulants vs aspirin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: an individual patient meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc 2002; 288: 2441-2448.
  • 4 Glasziou PP, Irwig LM. An evidence based approach to individualising treatment. Br Med J 1995; 311: 1356-1359.
  • 5 Singer DE, Chang Y, Fang MC. et al The net clinical benefit of warfarin anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation. Ann Intern Med 2009; 151: 297-305.
  • 6 Gage BF, Cardinalli AB, Owens DK. The effect of stroke and stroke prophylaxis with aspirin or warfarin on quality of life. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 1829-1836.
  • 7 Devereaux PJ, Anderson DR, Gardner MJ. et al Differences between perspectives of physicians and patients on anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation: observational study. Br Med J 2001; 323: 1218-1222.
  • 8 Singer DE, Albers GW, Dalen JE. et al Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition). Chest 2008; 133: 546s-592S.
  • 9 Fuster V, Ryden LE, Cannom DS. et al ACC/AHA/ESC 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 2001 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation): developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2006; 114: e257-354.
  • 10 Gage BF, Waterman AD, Shannon W. et al Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Med Assoc 2001; 285: 2864-2870.
  • 11 Risk factors for stroke and efficacy of antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation Analysis of pooled data from five randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 1994; 154: 1449-1457.
  • 12 Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators Risk factors for thromboembolism during aspirin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1995; 05: 147-157.
  • 13 Gage BF, van Walraven C, Pearce L. et al Selecting patients with atrial fibrillation for anticoagulation: stroke risk stratification in patients taking aspirin. Circulation 2004; 110: 2287-2292.
  • 14 Lip GY, Lane D, Van Walraven C. et al Additive role of plasma von Willebrand factor levels to clinical factors for risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation. Stroke 2006; 37: 2294-2300.
  • 15 Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y. et al Comparison of risk stratification schemes to predict thromboembolism in people with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 810-815.
  • 16 Lip G, Nieuwlaat R, Pisters R. et al Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor based approach: The Euro Heart Survey on Atrial Fibrillation. Chest 2010; 137: 263-272.
  • 17 Go AS, Hylek EM, Chang Y. et al Anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice?. J Am Med Assoc 2003; 290: 2685-2692.
  • 18 Baruch L, Gage BF, Horrow J. et al Can patients at elevated risk of stroke treated with anticoagulants be further risk stratified?. Stroke 2007; 38: 2459-2463.
  • 19 Fang MC, Singer DE, Chang Y. et al Gender differences in the risk of ischaemic stroke and peripheral embolism in atrial fibrillation: the AnTicoagulation and Risk factors In Atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study. Circulation 2005; 112: 1687-1691.
  • 20 Echocardiographic predictors of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a prospective study of 1066 patients from 3 clinical trials Arch Intern Med. 1998; 158: 1316-1320.
  • 21 Rietbrock S, Heeley E, Plumb J. et al Chronic atrial fibrillation: Incidence, prevalence, and prediction of stroke using the Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age >75, Diabetes mellitus, and prior Stroke or transient ischaemic attack (CHADS2) risk stratification scheme. Am Heart J 2008; 156: 57-64.
  • 22 Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S. et al Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 1139-1151.
  • 23 Hylek EM, Go AS, Chang Y. et al Effect of intensity of oral anticoagulation on stroke severity and mortality in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1019-1026.
  • 24 Fang MC, Go AS, Chang Y. et al Death and disability from warfarin-associated intracranial and extracranial haemorrhages. Am J Med 2007; 120: 700-705.