In the last few years there has been a growing interest in the development of guidelines for care. The most important aim of these guidelines is to improve the quality of care by changing the daily practice of physicians in the desired direction. Therefore besides the scientific basis of guidelines, emphasis should be placed on the implementation of guidelines. Experience in the Netherlands, where medical societies contribute significantly to the procedure of consensus guidelines development, are described in comparison with new ideas in the U.S.A. regarding criteria setting. Involvement of physician organisations to the development procedure is a necessary requirement for guidelines to shape clinical practice. Furthermore, some interventions used in The Netherlands for improving implementation of guidelines in daily practice are mentioned.