Hyperbaric oxygen therapy, a treatment alternative for chronic wounds, has been used for several decades yet little is known about factors that influence physicians to incorporate this therapy into practice. To assess wound care physician knowledge of, attitudes toward, and adoption of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and to identify factors associated with physician adoption of this therapy, a 23-item questionnaire, based on Rogers' diffusion of innovation model, was developed by the authors and distributed to 653 American Academy of Wound Management Board-certified physicians. Of the 246 (43%) physicians in the study population who responded to the study survey, 167 (68%) reported they had used or referred patients for hyperbaric oxygen therapy during the past 12 months. More than half of the respondents reported a relatively high level of familiarity with and a positive attitude toward the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on wound healing. Physician adoption of hyperbaric oxygen therapy was significantly associated with a community of >100,000 residents (adjusted odds ratio = 2.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.05 to 5.04); patient request for hyperbaric oxygen therapy (adjusted odds ratio = 5.38, 95% confidence interval = 2.50 to 11.56); positive attitude toward (adjusted odds ratio = 3.38, 95% confidence interval = 1.49 to 7.66) and high level of familiarity with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (adjusted odds ratio = 5.33, 95% confidence interval = 1.72 to 6.49); and practice location in either Florida or Texas (adjusted odds ratio = 3.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.24 to 9.54). Although the majority of the respondents reported adoption of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, most adopters are concentrated only in a few geographic areas. Despite the limitations of this study, especially the potential effects of sampling and response bias, the results help explain factors that have facilitated and hindered the adoption of this technology into practice.