Abstract
Unless an ectopic pregnancy is visible by ultrasound, diagnosis can be a challenge. Differentiating ectopic pregnancies from intrauterine pregnancies can be impossible without intervention or follow-up. This poses a clinical dilemma to the practitioner given the inherent danger to the mother of tubal rupture of an ectopic pregnancy versus the fear of intervening in the case of a desired pregnancy without certainty of diagnosis. Early diagnostic modalities are clearly lacking, and serum biomarkers are currently being investigated as a solution to need for a rapid and accurate test for ectopic pregnancy.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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ADAM Proteins / blood
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ADAM12 Protein
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Activins / blood
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Biomarkers / blood
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CA-125 Antigen / blood
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Chorionic Gonadotropin / blood
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Creatine Kinase / blood
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Estradiol / blood
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Female
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Glycodelin
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Glycoproteins / blood
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Humans
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Inhibins / blood
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Interleukin-6 / blood
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Interleukin-8 / blood
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Leukemia Inhibitory Factor / blood
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Membrane Proteins / blood
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Myoglobin / blood
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Myosin Heavy Chains / blood
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Placental Lactogen / blood
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Pregnancy
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Pregnancy Proteins / blood
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Pregnancy, Ectopic / blood*
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Pregnancy, Ectopic / diagnosis*
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Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A / analysis
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Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoproteins / analysis
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Progesterone / blood
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Proteome
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Relaxin / blood
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Renin / blood
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / blood
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A / blood
Substances
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Biomarkers
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CA-125 Antigen
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Chorionic Gonadotropin
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Glycodelin
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Glycoproteins
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Interleukin-6
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Interleukin-8
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Leukemia Inhibitory Factor
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Membrane Proteins
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Myoglobin
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PAEP protein, human
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Pregnancy Proteins
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Pregnancy-Specific beta 1-Glycoproteins
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Proteome
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Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
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activin A
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activin B
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inhibin A
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Activins
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Progesterone
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Estradiol
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Inhibins
-
Relaxin
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Placental Lactogen
-
Creatine Kinase
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Renin
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ADAM Proteins
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ADAM12 Protein
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ADAM12 protein, human
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Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A
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Myosin Heavy Chains